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BOOK    974.AN29ZW   c.  1 

WHITMORE    #    MEMOIR    OF    SIR    EDMUND 
ANDROS    KNT    GOVERNOR    OF    NEW    ENGLAN 


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MEMOIR 


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SIR    EDMUND    ANDROS 


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MEMOIR  ""'' 


OF 


SIR    EDMUND   ANDROS,    Knt., 

GOVERNOR    OF    NEW    ENGLAND,    NEW    YORK    AND 
VIRGINIA,  &r.,  &c. 

WITH    A    P  O  R  T  R  A  I  T  . 


By  WILLIAM  HENRY  WHITMORE,  A.  M. 


Bepjjinted  fijom  the  **.J^ndi;os   ^ijacts/'  published  by  the 
itfuince  .Society  of  Boston,  ■'^.  %, 


B  0  3  t  0  ti : 

PRINTED    BY    T.  R.  MARVIN    &    SON. 
I  8  6  8. 


^~~7- 


■^/\^^. 


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^".>/tT.R  MARVIN ^y^^if    tN, 


SIR    EDMUND    ANDROS. 


I' 


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ONCERNING  the  anceftry  of  Sir  Edmund  An- 
dros,  the  fole  printed  authority  is  the  memoir  in 
the  Hiftory  of  Guernfey  by  Jonathan  Duncan, 
(London,  1841,)  which  occupies  about  three 
pages  in  that  book.  This  fketch  has  been  copied  by  Dr. 
E.  B.  O'Callaghan  in  his  "  Documents  relating  to  the  Colo- 
nial Hiftory  of  the  State  of  New  York,"  (ii.  740),  and  alfo  in  a 
note  in  Woolley's  Journal  (Gowan's  Bibliotheca  Americana). 
It  feems  that  Andros  placed  on  record  at  Heralds'  College 
a  very  elaborate  pedigree  of  his  family,  September  i8th, 
1686,  a  few  days  before  he  failed  to  affume  the  government 
of  New  England.  Although  this  document  was  ufed  prob- 
ably by  Duncan,  it  is  now  printed  for  the  firft  time  in  full, 
from  a  tranfcript  made  by  Jofeph  L.  Chefler,  Efq.,  of  London. 

The  family  of  Andros,  or  Andrews  as  it  is  more  frequently 
fpelt,  was  of  great  antiquity  in  Northamptonfliire,  being  long 
fettled  at  Winwick  in  that  county.  One  branch,  which  was 
raifed  in  1641  to  the  dignity  of  Baronet,  was  refident  at 
Denton  in  the  fame  county ;  and  from  the  fimilarity  of  the 
arms,  it  is  evident  that  Sir  Edmund  claimed  the  fame  pater- 
nity.    The  pedigree  recorded  at  Heralds'  College  is  as  follows. 

2  Mr. 


=Judith  de  Saufmarez  onlydaurrof 
Thomas  de  Saufmarez  Lord  of  the 
Seigneurie  of  Saufmarez,  and  fifter 
and  heir  to  George  Saufmarez  her 
brother,  married  A°  1543.  She  dyed 
at  Saufmarez,  A°  1557,  and  was 
buried  in  y®  Church  of  St.  Martin. 

Alix  Roiiaux=John  Andros,  eldeft  fon  of  the=Secille  Blondel  daur:=Margaret, 


Mr.  John  Andros,  (alias  Andrews,)  an  Eng-= 
lifh  Gentleman  born  in  Northamptonfh:  came 
into  the  Ifle  of  Guernfey  with  S"^  Peter  Mew- 
tis  Knt.  Governor  of  the  faid  Ifle  as  his  Lieu- 
tenant, and  was  afterwards  a  Cap'  of  Foot 
in  Calais,  where  he  dyed  and  was  buried, 
A°  1554. 


faid  John  was  the  King's  Ward 
and  committed  to  the  cuftody  of 
S''  Leonard  Chamberlain,  Knt. 
Governour  of  the  faid  Ifle  until 
he  came  of  age,  which  having  at- 
tained he  did  his  homage,  and 
payd  the  Relief  due  to  the  King 
for  the  faid  Seigneurie,  and  had 
pofTeffion  thereof,  and  was  made  Capt.  of  the 
Parifli  of  St.  Martin,  and  28  May  1582,  was 
fworne  one  of  y*  Juftices  of  the  Royal  Court. 


wid :  of  Mon 
fieur  John  de 
la  Cour,  fec- 
ond  wife,  ob- 
ijt  s.  pr.  A° 
1595- 


of  Mr.  John  Blondel,  daur  :    of 
one  of  the  Juftices  of        Mons"' 

the   Royall  Court  in  Thomas 

the  faid  Ifle  of  Guern-  Compton, 

fey.    Married  to  Mr.  Bailly     of 

John  Andros,  fon  of  the     faid 

John  Andros  before  Ifle,  third 

mentioned,   24   06i :  wife. 
1570,  dyed 6  May  1588 
and  was  buried  at  St. 
Martins.    Firft  wife. 


Mary  Careye,  daur:  of=Thomas  Andros,  eldefl  fon,  born  at=Elizabeth   Carteret, 


Mr.  NicoUas  Careye, 
one  of  the  Jufl:ices  of 
the  Royal  Court,  Mar- 
ried 1°  Jun:  1597,  and 
dyed  in  childbed  with- 
out Iffue  furviving,  6 
Nov:  1598.  Firft  wife. 


Saufmarez,  16  061.  1571.  He  was 
fworne  one  of  the  Juftices  of  the 
Royal  Court  after  the  death  of  his 
father,  2  Febr:  1609,  and  Lieut' 
Governor  of  Guernfey  under  my 
Lord  Carew  Governo''  8  Jun  :  161 1, 
and  dyed  18  Apr:  1637,  at  Sauf- 
marez, and  was  there  buried. 


eldeft  daur:  of  M"»' 
Amice  de  Carteret, 
Seign'  de  la  Trinite, 
Lieut'  Governo^  and 
Bailly  of  the  Ifle  of 
Guernfey  married  22 
061:  1606,  dyed  3 
Jan  :  1672.    2''  Wife. 


Catherine 

married 

to  Mons"^ 

John 
Bonamy. 


|2 


Amice  Andros  born  at  Saufmarez  5  Sept. 
1610.  He  was  made  Marfliall  of  y*  Cer- 
emonies to  King  Charles  I.  A°  1632. 
Bailly  of  the  Ifle  of  Guernfey  by  K.  Ch. 
2  upon  his  Coronation  in  Scotland.  Bay- 
liflf  of  the  Royal  Court  in  Guernfey  A° 
1661,  and  Major  of  the  Forces  of  the 
faid  Ifle.  He  dyed  at  Saufmarez,  7  Apr.   1674. 


I  I  I 
=Elizabeth  Stone   3  Thomas 
fifter  of  S""  Rob-   4  Jofuah 
ert  Stone,  Knt.,    5  &  John, 
Cup -Bearer   to       died  un- 
the     Queen     of       married. 
Bohemia,      and 
Captain     of     a 
Troop  of  horfe  in  Holland. 


1  Amice    S"^  Edmond  Andros,  Knt.  born  at  London,  6  Dec.= 

and       1637,  made  Gentl:  in  Ordinary  to  the  Queen  of  Bo- 

2  Eliza-  hernia,  A°  1660,  and  Major  to  the  Regim'  of  foot 
beth,  fent  into  America  A°  1666.  After  that,  Major  to 
dyed  Prince  Rupert's  Regim'  of  Dragoons  A°  1672.  He 
young,   was  fworne  Bailly  of  the  Royall  Court  in  Guernfey 

30  Junij  1674,  and  fhortly  after  was  conftituted  Gov- 
ernor general  of  New  York  in  America  and  knight- 
ed on  his  return  from  thence,  A°  168 1.  He  was  fworn  Gentl: 
of  y^  Privy  Chamber  to  the  King  A°  1683,  and  in  y*  year  1685 
was  made  Lieut'  Colonell  to  her  Royal  Highn'  the  Pr.  Anne 
of  Denmark's  Reg'  of  Horfe,  commanded  by  the  Earl  of 
Scarefdale,  and  laftly  this  prefent  year  1686  was  made  Gov- 
erno' of  New  England. 


=Marie  Craven  eldeft 
daughter  of  Thomas 
Craven,  and  filler  of 
S''  William  Craven 
of  Apletrewick,  in 
Com:  Ebor:  and  of 
Combe  Abbey  in  Co: 
Warr:  Knight,  heir 
in  Reverfion  to  the 
Barony  of  Ham- 
fted  Marfliall.  Mar- 
ried in  Febr:  1671. 


[Heralds'  College,  Book  2  D,  XIV.  fol.  175".] 


Andros. — Gules,  a  faltire  or  furmounted  by  another  vert,  on  a  chief  argent  3  mullets  fable.  [No  creft.] 
Sausmarez. — Argent,  on  a  chevron  gules  between  3  leopards'  faces  fable  as  many  caftles  triple  towered  or. 

Creft  :    a   falcon   affrontant   proper,   beaked   and   membered   or,   [tici  wings  expanded  as   in   the   armory.] 

Supporters  :  Dexter,  a  unicorn,  tail  cowarded,  argent ;  Sinifter,  a  greyhound  argent  collared  gules  garnifhed  or. 
["  This  is  a  true  Account  of  the  Marriages  and  Iffues  of  my  family,  and  of  the  Armes  we  have  conftantly 

borne  fmce  our  coming  into  Guernfey,  as  alfo  of  the  Arms  Creft  and  Supporters  of  Saufmarez  whofe  heir 

General  we  married.     Witnes  my  hand  this  i8th  of  September,  1686. 

E.  Andros."] 


John,  dyed 
unmarried. 


13 

Thomas,  dyed 
young. 


14 


Elizabeth,  married  to  Mr. 
Peter  Painfec,  Minifter  of 
St.  Peters  Port. 


I« 
Mary,  died 
an  infant. 


16  |7  |8  |9 

Elizabeth,     Anne,     Secille,     Charles= 
married  to      died      married    Andros, 
Monfieur     an  in-    to  Capt:     Seigne'r 
John    Do-      fant.     Nicollas    D'Anne- 
bree,  mer-  Ling.         ville, 

chant.  living 

1686,  marr:  to  his  firfl  wife, 
Collette,  daur :  of  Jonas  le 
Marchant  by  whom  he  had  iffue  onely 
one  daugh'':  Elizabeth  who  dyed  young. 


Alix,  dau : 

and      fole 

heir  of  M. 

Thomas 

Fafhin, 

Seigneur 

D'Anne- 

ville, 

2d  wife. 


1 10 
Peter, 
died       Andros, 
nth  and 


an  m- 


William=Judith, 
dau:  of 
Mon" 


fant. 


youngeft 
child, 
dyed  7 
Nov  :  1679, 
aetat:  47  An. 


John 
Blon- 
dell. 


Charles  Andros,=Rachell, 


born  9  Apr ;  A° 
1662. 


daur :  of 

Mr. 
James 
Careye. 


12  I  j 

Amice  Andros,  3  John,  and 

fecond  fon,  mar-  4  Judith, 

ried    Magdalen  dyed 

Mancell.  young. 


Charles  Andros, 
born  15  Sept: 
1662.  Married 
Elizab :  Mauger 
widow  of  Mon" 
Tho:  de  Beau- 
voir. 


Thomas, 
born  25 
Mart:  A° 
1672. 


Mary, 
married 
to     Mr. 

Jean 
Renouf, 
Mer- 
chant. 


14 

Anne, 

born 

21 

Nov. 
1667. 


11  12 

Rachell,  born     Anne,  born 
A°  1683.  1685. 


I  I 

4  Richard, 

and 

5  Elizabeth, 

dyed 
young. 


John  Andros,  born 
2  Nov  :  1642.  Mar- 
ried Anne  Knapton. 


1  Elizabeth, 

2  Marie, 

3  Amice,  mort. 

4  Anne, 

5  John, 

6  Carterette,  mort. 

7  Edmond,  mort 

8  Caefar, 

9  Edmond. 


George  Andros,  born 
5  061 :  1646.  Married 
Anne  Blondel,  and 
dyed  8°  Nov :  1664. 


1  John, 

2  George, 

3  Charles, 

4  Mary, 

5  Anne. 


Carterette  Andros, 
married  to  Mr. 
Caefar  Knapton,  an 
Englifli  Gentl : 

T 

Elizabeth  Knapton 
only  child,  married 
to  Mr.  Will:  le 
Marchant,  eldeft 
fon  of  Mr.  James 
le  Marchant,  A" 
1684. 


Vlll 

At  the  fame  time  Sir  Edmund  recorded  his  coat-of-arms 
as  defcribed  in  the  following  document  at  Heralds'  College, 
Grants  of  Arms,  Book  i,  26.  fol.  98. 

"  Whereas  S'  Edmund  Andros,  Knight,  Lord  of  y"  Seignorie  of  Saufma- 
rez  in  the  Ifland  of  Guernfey,  hath  made  application  to  me,  Henry,  Duke 
of  Norfolk,  Earl  Marfliall  of  England  &c.  that  his  Arms  maybe  Regiftered 
in  the  College  of  Arms  in  fuch  manner  as  he  may  lawfully  bear  them,  with 
refpe6l  to  his  Defcent  from  the  antient  Family  of  Saufmarez  in  y*  faid  Ifle, 
there  being  no  entries  in  the  College  of  Arms  of  the  Defcents  or  Arms  of 
the  Families  in  that  Ifle :  And  whereas  it  hath  been  made  out  unto  me 
that  his  Great  Grandfather's  Father,  John  Andros  al?  Andrews,  an  Englifli 
Gentleman,  borne  in  Northamptonfhire,  coming  into  the  Ifle  of  Guernfey 
as  Lieut'  to  S"  Peter  Mewtis,  Knight,  the  Governour,  did  there  marry, 
A°  1543,  with  Judith  de  Saufmarez,  only  daughter  of  Thomas  Saufmarez, 
fon  and  heir  of  Thomas  Saufmarez,  Lords  of  the  Seignorie  of  Saufmarez 
in  the  faid  Ifle,  which  Judith  did  afterwards  become  heir  to  her  brother 
George  de  Saufmarez,  Lord  of  the  faid  Seignorie  :  And  that  John  Andros, 
Efq'.,  fon  and  heir  of  the  faid  John  and  Judith,  had  the  s?  Seignorie  with 
its  appurtenances  and  all  Rights  and  Privileges  thereto  belonging,  adjudged 
to  him  by  the  Royal  Comm?  of  the  faid  Ifle,  A?  1607,  againfl  the  heirs 
male  of  the  faid  Family  of  Saufmarez,  who  then  fued  for  the  fame,  as  find- 
ing it  to  be  held  of  the  King  by  a  certain  Relief  and  certain  Services,  all 
which  were  infeparable  from  the  faid  Seignorie  :  And  whereas  it  hath  been 
made  [to]  appear  unto  me  by  an  Antient  Seal  of  one  Nicollas  de  Saufma- 
rez, which  feems  to  be  between  2  and  300  years  old,  and  by  other  Authori- 
ties, that  the  faid  Family  of  Saufmarez  have  conftantly  borne  and  ufed  the 
Arms  herein  impreffed,  I  the  faid  Earl  Marfliall,  confidering  that  the  fore- 
mentioned  Sr  Edmund  Andros,  Knt.,  and  his  Anceftors,  from  the  time  of 
the  faid  John  Andros  who  married  the  heir  generall  of  Saufmarez  as  afore- 
faid,  have  fucceffively  done  Homage  to  the  Kings  of  England  for  y*  s** 
Seignorie,  and  thereupon  have  been  admitted  into  and  received  full 
poffeffion  thereof,  do  order  and  require.  That  the  Arms  of  Andros  (as  the 
faid  S'  Edmund  and  his  Anceftors  ever  flnce  their  coming  into  the  faid  Ifle 
have  borne  the  fame)  quartered  with  the  Arms  of  Saufmarez  as  they  are 

hereunto 


IX 

hereunto  annexed,'  be,  together  with  the  Pedigree  of  the  faid  S'  Edmund 
Andros  (herewith  alfo  tranfmitted)  fairly  regiftered  in  y'  College  of  Arms 
by  the  Regifler  of  the  faid  College,  and  allowed  unto  him  the  faid  S'  Ed- 
mund Andros,  and  the  heirs  of  his  body  lawfully  begotten,  and  of  the  body 
of  his  Great  Grandfather  John  Andros,  fon  and  heir  of  the  forementioned 
John  Andros  and  Judith  de  Saufmarez,  having,  poffeffing  and  enjoying  the 
faid  Seignorie,  to  be  borne  and  ufed  by  him  and  them  on  all  occafions 
according  to  the  Law  of  Arms :  And  for  fo  doing  this  fliall  be  a  fufficient 
warrant. 

Given  under  my  hand  and  feal  the  23?  day  of  September,  1686,  in  the 
fecond  year  of  the  Reigne  of  our  Soveraigne  Lord  King  James  the 
Second,  &c. 

Norfolke  &  Marfliall." 
To  the  Kings  Heralds, 
and  Purfuiv!?  of  Arms, 

During  the  exile  of  the  Stuarts,  Edmund  Andros  ferved 
in  the  army  of  Prince  Henry  of  Naffau  (Palfrey,  iii.  127), 
and  was  faithful  to  their  caufe.  His  family  indeed  was 
eminent  among  the  adherents  of  the  King,  as  appears  by  the 
pardon  granted  13th  Auguft,  1660,  by  Charles  II.  to  the 
inhabitants  of  Guernfey.  In  it  he  declares  that  Amice  An- 
dros, Edmund  his  fon,  and  Charles  his  brother,  Sir  Henry 
Davie,  bart,  and  Nathaniel  Darell,  during  the  preceding 
troubles  "  continued  inviolably  faithful  to  his  Majefly,  and 
confequently  have  no  need  to  be  comprifed  in  this  general 
pardon."     So  alfo  we  learn  by  the  monument  to  Elizabeth, 

mother 

*  The  Andrews  family  of  Denton  bore  are  faid  to  be  "  a  chevron  between  three 

"  Gules,    a    faltire    or,   furmounted    of  pelicans  vulning  themfelves."     Such  a 

another  vert."     O'Callaghan  and  Trum-  coat  indeed  is  found  on  the  monument 

bull  (Col.   Rec.   of  Conn. 'ii.  392)  have  of  Amice  Andros,  but  they  undoubtedly 

followed  an  error  in  Berry's  Hittory  of  belong  to  his  wife  Elizabeth  Stone,  the 

Guernfey,  wherein  the  arms  of  Andros  mother  of  Governor  Andros. 

3 


mother  of  Sir  Edmund,  that  Ihe  "  fhared  with  her  hufband 
the  troubles  and  exile  to  which  he  was  expofed  for  feveral 
years  in  the  fervice  of  Charles  I.  and  Charles  11."^ 

Edmund  Andros  received  his  firft  confiderable  preferment 
by  being  made  Gentleman  in  Ordinary  to  the  Queen  of 
Bohemia  in  1660.  He  had  undoubtedly  been  attradled  to 
her  fervice  through  the  pofition  of  his  uncle,  Sir  Robert 
Stone,  who  was  Cup-bearer  to  that  princefs,  and  he  was  after- 
wards more  clofely  allied  to  her  friends  in  confequence  of  his 
marriage.  Whether  any  part  of  his  youthful  years  while  he 
was  a  page  in  the  Royal  fervice,  had  been  fpent  in  her 
houfehold  or  not,  it  is  worthy  of  notice  that  as  a  young  man 
Andros  was  in  a  pofition  to  acquire  the  accomplifliments  of 
a  Court,  and  to  behold  Royalty  in  its  moft  fafcinating  form. 

Elizabeth,  Queen  of  Bohemia,  was  the  only  daughter  of 
King  James  I.  of  England,  and  was  born  19th  Auguft,  1596. 
She  was  married  27th  Dec.  161 2,  to  Frederick  V.,  Count 
Palatine  of  the  Rhine,  Duke  of  Bavaria  and  Silefia,  who 
was  foon  elected  King  of  Bohemia,  but  loft  all  his  poffeffions 
by  the  fortune  of  war.  He  died  at  Mentz,  November  19th, 
1632,  having  had  thirteen  children,  of  whom  the  beft  known 
were  Prince  Rupert,  and  Sophia,  wife  of  Erneft  Auguflus, 
Eledlor  of  Hanover,  mother  of  George  I.  of  England. 

The  Queen  of  Bohemia  had  fhared  the  exile  and  misfor- 
tunes of  her  Englifli  relatives,  and  returned  to  England,  1 7th 
May,  1 66 1.     She  died  February  13th,  1662,  at  London. 

Hiftorians 

''  "She  lived  with  her  husband  42  dren."  She  died  25  Dec.  1686,  aged  T^. 
years  and  was  the  mother  of  9  chil-    (Berry,  Hift.  Guernfey.) 


XI 

Hlflorians  have  agreed  in  defcribing  this  princefs  as  a 
moft  charming  woman.  Jesse  (Court  of  England)  writes 
thus :  "  Lively  in  her  manners,  affecftionate  in  her  difpofition, 
and  beautiful  in  her  perfon ;  throwing  a  charm  and  a  refine- 
ment over  the  fecial  intercourfe  of  life ;  fhe  yet  poffeffed 
with  all  thefe  qualities,  a  ftrength  of  mind  which  never 
became  mafculine ;  talents  which  were  never  obtrufive,  and 
a  warmth  of  heart  which  remained  with  her  to  the  end." 
"In  profperity  modeft  and  unaffuming;  in  adverfity  fur- 
mounting  difficulties  and  dignifying  poverty,  her  charadler 
was  regarded  with  enthufiafm  in  her  own  time,  and  has  won 
for  her  the  admiration  of  pofterity."  "  In  the  Low  Countries 
fhe  was  fo  beloved  as  to  be  ftyled  '  the  Queen  of  Hearts.' " 

During  her  long  widowhood,  her  chief  advifer  and  friend 
was  William,  Earl  of  Craven,  and  it  was  to  the  fifter  of  the 
chofen  heir  to  a  portion  of  the  honors  of  this  nobleman,  that 
Edmund  Andros  was  married,  in  1671.  It  has  been  believed 
that  the  Earl  of  Craven  was  married  to  the  Queen,  and  he 
was  certainly  one  of  the  bravefl  and  mofl  honored  gentlemen 
of  his  time. 

In  1666,  Andros  was  made  Major  of  a  Regiment  of  foot, 
which  was  fent  to  America.  Duncan  writes  that  Andros 
diftinguifhed  himfelf  in  the  war  againfl  the  Dutch,  and  was 
in  1672,  "commander  of  the  forces  in  Barbados  and  had 
obtained  the  reputation  of  being  fkilled  in  American  affairs." 

In  February,  1671,  Andros  married  Marie,  oldell  daughter 
of  Thomas  Craven  of  Appletreewick,  co.  York,  and  thus 
fifter  to  the  "  heir  in  reverfion  to  the  Barony  of  Hamfted- 

Marfhall." 


Xll 


Marfhall."  This  match  is  a  fufficient  proof  of  the  eftimation 
in  which  he  was  held,  as  the  lady  was  fifter  of  the  defignated 
heir  of  the  Earl  of  Craven,  his  former  patron.  The  pedigree 
of  the  Cravens  will  be  befl  underftood  by  the  annexed  tabular 
ftatement."     The  "  Peerages  "  have  left  the  matter  obfcure, 

but 

ejohn  Craven= 


Henry= dau.  of 

of  Appletreewick.        —  Sherwood. 


Wiiliam= 


=Beatrix,  dau.  of 
John  Hunter. 


Robert= 


:Mary,  dau.  of 
—  Brockden. 


Sir  William=Elizabeth,        Anthony: 


Lord  Mayor 
of  London, 


dau.  of 
Wm.  Whitmore. 


William 

Earl  of  Craven. 

d.  s.  p. 


John 

Lord  Craven  of 

Ryton. 

d.  s.  p. 


Thomas 
d.  s.  p. 


Sir  William: 

of  Lench- 

wike, 

d.  1665, 

aet.  46. 


William 
d.  V.  p. 
Aug.  13,  1665. 
aet.  16. 


:Mary,  dau.  of         Sir  Thomas=Anne,  dau.  of        Sir  Anthony 

Ferdinando,  Francis  Proftor, 

Vif(5l.  Fairfax,  of  Beckwith.  Elizabeth, 

of  Cameron.  dau.  of  Baron 

Pelnitz, 
d.s.p. 

Elizabeth=Theophilus 
Leigh. 


Sir  William^Mary,  dau 


21  Aug.  1638. 
24  06t.  1695. 


of  Sir  Chriftopher 

Chapham  of 
Beamfley,  co.  York 


Mary=Sir  E. 


Andros, 


Alice=Wm.  Topham 
Margaret=Chrirtopher 
Daufon. 


William, 

b.  4  Oa.  1668, 

2d  Lord  Craven, 

of  Hampfted  Marfhall. 


I  I  I 


I 

Thomas=Margaret  Craven, 
dau.  of  Rob* 
d.  23  Feb.  1702. 
a<red  80. 


Sir  William=:Mary, 
of  Winwick,     dau.  of 
d.  Mch,i707,     George 
aet.  73.        Gierke. 


Sir  Robert=Margaret, 

d.  4  oa. 

1672, 
aet.  40. 


Sir  Anthony=Theodofia, 
Bart,  of  dau.  of 

Sperfliolt,  Sir  Wm. 

1661,  d.  1713.       Wifeman. 


Xlll 

but  it  has  been  rendered  plain  by  fome  articles  in  "  Notes 
and  Queries  "  for  1868.  The  Earl  of  Craven,  after  the  death 
of  his  brothers,  entailed  the  Barony  on  his  more  diftant 
coufnis  of  Appletreewick,  omitting  the  iffue  of  his  uncle 
Anthony  Craven.  At  his  death,  April  9th,  1697,  the  title 
paffed  to  William  Craven,  nephew  of  Lady  Andros. 

It  is  poffible  that  Andros  came  to  England  for  the  mar- 
riage, and  returned  to  Barbados ;  but  we .  think  it  more 
probable  that  the  regiment  had  been  recalled  to  England. 
Duncan  ftates  that  in  April,  1672,  a  regiment  raifed  for 
Prince  Rupert  was  armed  for  the  firft  time  with  the  bayonet, 
that  Andros  was  made  Major,  and  the  four  Barbados  compa- 
nies then  under  his  command  were  incorporated  in  it.  In 
the  fame  month,  the  proprietors  of  the  Province  of  Carolina, 
of  which  the  Earl  of  Craven  was  one,  conferred  on  him  the 
title  of  Landgrave,  with  four  Baronies,  containing  48,000 
acres  of  land. 

In  April,  1674,  Andros  fucceeded  his  father  In  his  eftates 
in  Guernfey,  and  30  June,  was  fworn  as  Bailly  of  the  ifland, 
the  reverfion  of  that  office  having  been  before  granted  him. 

We  do  not  find  mention  of  the  occafion  which  recom- 
mended him  to  the  attention  of  the  Duke  of  York,  but 
from  his  early  attendance  on  the  royal  family,  and  his  excep- 
tional loyalty,  he  had  probably  long  been  known  to  that 
prince.  Andros  was  accordingly  feledted  to  be  the  Governor 
of  the  Province  of  New  York,  which  was  claimed  by  the 
Duke,  and  had  recently  been  reftored  to  him  by  the  Dutch. 

He 

4 


XIV 


He  arrived  in  this  country,  November  ifl,  1674,  accompanied 
by  his  wife. 

A  brief  notice  of  the  events  which  had  occurred  in  this 
country  immediately  before  his  arrival,  may  render  his  fubfe- 
quent  proceedings  more  intelligible  to  the  reader. 

On  the  27th  of  Auguft,  1664,  the  Dutch  Colony  of  New 
Netherland  was  furrendered  to  an  Englifli  force  under  Col. 
Richard  Nicolls.  The  King,  Charles  II.,  had  already 
granted  it,  by  patent  dated  12  March,  1664,  to  his  brother, 
the  Duke  of  York.  After  it  had  been  held  by  the  Englifli 
for  over  nine  years,  the  Dutch  had  recaptured  it,  Augull;  9, 
1673;  t)ut  under  the  terms  of  the  treaty  of  peace,  it  was 
reftored  to  its  Englifli  owners.  In  a  letter  dated  ^  July, 
1674,  the  Dutch  embaffadors  wrote  that  they  had  complied 
with  the  orders  from  the  States-General  to  notify  the  King 
that  the  Province  would  be  delivered  to  his  agent ;  that 
Edmund  Andros  had  been  defignated  as  the  perfon,  and 
was  to  fail  before  the  end  of  the  week.  (N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.  ii. 
733.)  The  Colony  at  that  time  was  eftimated  to  contain 
between  fix  and  feven  thoufand  white  inhabitants,  to  which 
number  were  to  be  added  the  Englifli  fettlers  on  Long  Ifland. 
Andros's  commiffion,  which  was  dated  July  i,  1674,  made 
him  "  Lieutenant  and  Governor "  over  that  part  of  Maine 
which  was  flyled  Pemaquid,  Long  Ifland,  Nantucket  and 
Martha's  Vineyard,  and  the  territory  from  the  weft  fide  of 
Connedlicut  River  to  the  eaft  fide  of  Delaware  Bay.  This 
latter  territory  comprifed  not  only  the  State  of  New  York, 
but  Delaware,  New  Jerfey  and  a  large  portion  of  Connedli- 

cut ; 


XV 

cut;  the  claim  of  the  Duke  of  York  to  which  domains  was 
by  no  means  undifputed. 

Andros  was  at  the  fame  time  commiffioned  as  captain  of 
a  regiment  of  foot,  raifed  by  the  Duke  of  York  for  fervice  in 
the  Colony,  and  received  the  neceffary  money  for  the  expenfes 
attendant  upon  eftablifliing  the  new  government.  He  was 
accufed  by  fome  of  the  Dutch  colonifts  of  having  exa(5led  a 
new  and  unlawful  oath  of  allegiance  from  them,  but  this 
difficulty  feems  to  have  fpeedily  fubfided.  His  infl:ru61:ions 
had  been  explicit  that  he  fliould  not  difturb  thofe  colonifts 
who  defired  to  remain  in  good  faith,  and  we  fee  no  reafon  to 
doubt  that  Andros  fulfilled  his  orders.  He  has  left  an 
account  of  his  adminiftration  for  the  firft  three  years  (N.  Y. 
Col.  Doc.  iii.  254-7)  from  which  we  take  the  principal  items. 

In  0<5lober,  1674,  he  fays,  that  having  received  poffeffion 
of  New  York  and  reduced  the  eaft  end  of  Long  Ifland,  he 
took  in  hand  the  turbulent  at  various  other  places ;  thefe 
once  quieted,  the  country  had  been  peaceful  ever  fmce.  The 
next  fummer  he  commenced  to  prefs  the  Duke's  claim  to 
that  part  of  the  country  between  the  Hudfon  and  Connedlicut 
rivers.  He  therefore  wrote  feveral  letters  to  the  Governor 
and  General  Court  of  Conne6licut,  but  it  may  eafily  be 
believed  that  the  claim  was  only  a  matter  of  form.  In  fa6l, 
both  parties  had  a  patent  for  the  fame  land,  fmce  the  Con- 
necticut Charter  covered  all  the  land  from  the  Narraganfett 
Bay,  due  well  to  the  South  Sea,  and  the  Duke  of  York's 
territory  was  to  be  carved  from  this  domain.  Andros  indeed 
fays  with  truth  that  the  Englifli  claim  had  been  abandoned, 

fmce 


XVI 

fince  under  that  patent  Connecticut  might  claim  "  New 
Jerfey,  Delaware,  Maryland,  Carolina  and  the  Spanifli  Weft 
Indies,"  as  well  as  all  New  York.  The  Duke  of  York  was 
not  clifpofed  to  prefs  the  matter,  and  wrote  to  Andros  in 
January,  1675-6,  that  he  approved  of  the. demand,  as  pre- 
ferving  his  title  entire,  but  hoped  for  fome  more  convenient 
method  of  adjufting  the  boundaries  in  the  future;  the  only 
flipulation  he  made,  was  that  the  Conne6licut  men  fliould 
not  approach  within  twenty  miles  of  the  Hudfon  River. 
Within  a  month,  however,  the  hoftile  attitude  of  the  Indians 
compelled  the  eaftern  colonics  to  apply  to  Andros  for  aid  in 
the  alarming  pofition  of  affairs.  On  the  ift  of  July,  1675,  a 
letter  was  fent  by  Gov.  Winthrop  of  Conne6licut  to  New 
York,  and  Andros  not  only  was  "  much  troubled  at  the 
Chriftians'  misfortunes  and  hard  difaflers  in  thofe  parts,"  but 
he  propofed  to  ftart  at  once,  with  a  force  "  ready  to  take  fuch 
refolutions  as  may  be  fit  for  me,"  and  to  make  the  beft  of  his 
way  to  Connecticut  River ;  "  his  royal  Highnefs's  bounds," 
as  he  fignificantly  termed  them. 

This  was  more  than  the  colonifts  had  anticipated  ;  yet  they 
were  unwilling  to  bring  the  difpute  of  boundaries  to  an  open 
rupture,  efpecially  at  fuch  a  time.  Andros,  therefore,  was 
allowed  to  come  to  Saybrook  with  his  two  fmall  veffels,  and 
was  met  by  Robert  Chapman  and  Thomas  Bull  in  behalf  of 
the  Colony.  Various  protefls  were  exchanged,  and  Andros 
caufed  the  Duke  of  York's  Charter  and  his  commiffion  to 
be  read.  After  this  ceremony,  he  declared  he  fliould  depart 
immediately  unlefs  dehred  to  ftay.  In  return,  the  agents  of 
the  Colony,  who  had  ftudioufly  difavowed  any  fliare  in  thefe 

proceedings, 


XVll 

proceedings,  read  a  proteft  on  the  part  of  Conne6licut.  And 
fo  "  his  Honor  was  guarded  with  the  town  foldiers  to  the 
waterfide,  went  on  board,  and  prefently  fell  down  below  the 
Fort,  with  falutes  on  both  fides."  (Trumbull,  Col.  Rec.  Conn, 
ii.  584.)  Thus  both  fides  parted  in  peace,  each  content 
with  its  own  performance  ;  and  a  few  years  afterwards  the 
boundary  was  fettled  by  mutual  conceffions. 

Andros  purfued  his  plans  for  prote6ling  his  Colony,  fur- 
niflied  the  neceffary  arms  and  ammunition,  and  difarmed  the 
friendly  Indians.  Returning  to  New  York,  he  called  together 
the  neighboring  fachems  and  renewed  the  treaties  with  them; 
and  in  Auguft,  1675,  he  proceeded  to  Albany,  where  he 
fucceeded  in  gaining  the  friendfliip  of  the  Mohawks  and 
other  powerful  tribes.  For  nearly  a  year,  till  the  death  of 
Philip,  Auguft  12th,  1676,  Maffachufetts  and  Connecticut  fuf- 
fered  from  the  barbarous  incurfions  of  the  Indians.  During 
this  time,  Andros,  by  his  own  account,  had  remained  unwil- 
lingly idle,  his  offers  of  affiftance  having  been  rejedied  by  his 
neighbors.  He  would  have  brought  into  the  field  his  Mo- 
hawk allies,  but  the  offer  being  flighted  he  could  only  keep 
them  true  to  their  allegiance,  build  forts  and  boats,  and 
prevent  any  increafe  of  Philip's  forces.  He  feems  in  fa6t  to 
have  been  greatly  offended  by  the  affertions  of  the  Maffa- 
chufetts Colony,  that  it  was  at  Albany,  and  through  his 
connivance,  that  the  hoftile  Indians  had  obtained  their  fup- 
plies  of  arms  and  ammunition.  He  fent  two  gentlemen  to 
Bofton  to  obtain  fatisfa61;ion,  and  received  only  a  letter 
"  clearing  the  magiftrates,  but  not  the  generalty,  flill  afperfed 
without  any  known  caufe,  complaint  or  notice."  So  indig- 
nant 


XVlll 

nant  was  he  at  this  falfe  accufation,  that  after  his  arrival  in 
England,  he  petitioned  the  King  in  Council  to  caufe  inquiry 
into  the  truth  of  the  matter;  to  which  the  agents,  William 
Stoughton  and  Peter  Bulkley  merely  replied,  that  they  were 
not  furniflied  with  the  information,  and  that  evil-minded 
perfons  might  have  fold  ammunition  to  the  Indians  defpite 
the  Governor's  prohibition  ;  in  fliort,  while  evading  all  con- 
ceffions  or  apologies,  they  infmuated  the  truth  of  the  charge. 

Towards  the  end  of  the  fummer  of  1676,  the  Indian 
troubles  broke  out  in  the  fettlements  in  Maine,  and  though 
Maffachufetts  had  taken  poffeffion  of  the  Duke  of  York's 
territory  of  Pemaquid,  Andros  exerted  himfelf  to  prote6l  the 
fettlers  there,  and  fent  an  armed  floop  thither. 

In  June,  1677,  he  fent  a  force  to  Pemaquid  and  conftru6led 
a  fort  there,  which  he  garrifoned  with  fifty  men ;  and  he 
undoubtedly  contributed  much  to  the  pacification  of  that 
country  for  the  next  few  years. 

In  Auguft,  1677,  he  vifited  Albany  with  an  agent  from 
Maryland,  and  there  received  anew  the  affurances  of  the 
friendfliip  of  the  weftern  Indians,  At  that  time  and  place  he 
received  permiffion  from  the  Duke  of  York  to  take  a  brief 
leave  of  abfence,  and  we  tranfcribe  a  few  paffages  from  the 
letter.  "  I  am  glad  to  find  the  quiet  condition  of  your  gov- 
ernment notwithftanding  the  late  troubles  that  have  been  in 
your  neighbourhood."  "  In  regard  you  exprefs  a  defire  to 
come  for  England  for  fome  time  to  look  after  your  own 
concerns,  if  you  fliall  towards  the  end  of  this  fummer  con- 
tinue 


XIX 


tinue  to  be  of  that  mind,  (not  doubting  your  care  to  fettle 
all  things  during  your  abfence  from  your  government  in  the 
beft  and  fafeft  manner),  I  do  agree  that  you  come  away  with 
the  lateft  fliipping,  fo  as  having  the  winter  to  yourfelf,  you 
may  be  ready  to  return  to  your  government  with  the  firft 
fliips  that  go  hence  in  the  fpring." 

Andros  indeed,  up  to  this  time  had  merited  the  thanks  of 
his  employer.  He  had  kept  the  country  at  peace,  and  had 
already  made  its  revenue  equal  to  its  current  expenfes.  The 
former  laws  in  force  during  the  Englifli  rule  had  been  re- 
eftabliflied,  and  it  would  feem  that  he  had  even  tried  to 
perfuade  the  Duke  of  York  to  concede  to  the  fettlers  fome 
form  of  a  legiflative  Affembly.  (N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.  ii.  235.) 
He  therefore  communicated  to  the  Council  and  General 
Court  of  Affizes,  in  06lober,  the  permiffion  he  had  received 
to  vifit  England,  and  arranged  all  matters  likely  to  arife  in 
his  abfence.  On  the  17th  November,  1677,  he  failed  from 
New  York,  not  accompanied  by  his  wife  probably,  as  we  find 
no  mention  of  her. 

During  his  flay  in  England  at  this  time.  Sir  Edmund 
Andros  was  knighted,  a  fuilficient  proof  of  the  favor  in 
which  he  was  held  at  court.  On  the  8th  April,  1678,  he  was 
called  before  the  Committee  for  Trade  and  Plantations,  and 
was  examined  in  regard  to  affairs  in  New  England  as  well 
as  in  his  own  Colony.  His  anfwer  was  quite  elaborate,  and 
is  printed  in  the  New  York  Colonial  Documents,  iii.  260-265. 
In  regard  to  his  own  Colony  of  New  York,  he  eftimates  the 
towns,  villages,  and  parifhes  at  about  twenty-four  in  number, 

the 


XX 


the  militia  as  numbering  2,000,  the  value  of  all  eflates  at 
;^ 1 50,000.  He  thinks  a  fubftantial  merchant  is  one  worth 
^500  to  ^1,000,  and  a  planter  Is  rich  who  has  half  as  much 
in  moveables. 

His  opinion  of  the  fettlements  In  New  England  certainly 
does  not  feem  unfriendly.  He  ftates  indeed  that  "  the  a6ls  of 
trade  and  navigation  are  faid,  and  is  generally  believed,  not 
to  be  obferved  in  the  Colonies  as  they  ought,"  yet  he  adds, 
"  I  do  not  find  but  the  generality  of  the  magiftrates  and 
people  are  well  affecfled  to  the  King  and  Kingdom,  but  moft 
knowing  no  other  government  than  their  own,  think  it  befl 
and  are  wedded  to  and  opinionate  for  it.  And  the  magif- 
trates and  others  in  place,  chofen  by  the  people,  think  that 
they  are  obliged  to  affert  and  maintain  faid  government  all 
they  can,  and  are  Church-members  and  like  fo  to  be  chofen, 
and  to  continue  without  any  confiderable  alteration  and 
change  there,  and  dejDcnd  upon  the  people  to  juflify  them  in 
their  a6lings." 

Andros  at  this  time  brought  before  the  Council  the  matter 
of  the  falfe  charge  that  he  had  fupplied  the  Indians  with 
ammunition,  and  the  Agents  for  Maffachufetts,  William 
Stoughton  and  Peter  Bulkley  accordingly  replied,  promifmg 
"  To  do  their  utmoft  endeavour  "  to  remove  any  mifunder- 
flandlng  between  Sir  Edmund  and  their  government. 

On  the  27th  of  May,  1678,  he  failed  for  New  York  In  the 
"  Bloffom,"  taking  with  him  William  Pinhorne,  James  Gra- 
ham,  John   White,  John   Wefl   and    others,    including  his 

chaplain, 


XXI 

chaplain,  the  Rev.  Charles  Woolley,  whofe  Journal  was  pub- 
liflied  in  1701/ 

He  arrived  on  the  7th  September,  1678,  and  found  his 
Colony  at  peace,  though  there  were  ftill  difficulties  to  be 
apprehended  in  dealing  with  the  Indians.  During  the  next 
two  years  Andros  feems  to  have  been  much  diilurbed  by 
controverfies  with  fome  of  the  leading  merchants,  and  com- 
plaints were  freely  made  to  the  Duke  of  York  that  his 
Governor  was  diflionefl.  Accordingly,  James  wrote,  May  24, 
1680,  to  Andros,  (N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.  iii.  283,)  that  he  wiflied 
him  to  return  to  England  "  by  the  firft  convenience,"  turning 
over  the  government  to  Anthony  Brockholft,  the  Lieutenant- 
Governor.  Mr.  John  Lewen  was  fent  hither  as  afpecial  com- 
miffioner  to  invefligate  the  accounts  of  the  government,  and 
his  report  (printed  in  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.  iii.  302-8)  was  decidedly 
unfavorable  to  Andros.  The  Governor,  however,  who  had 
failed  from  New  York,  January  7,  1681,  was  able  to  refute  the 
charges  made  againft  him,  and  ends  his  reply  as  follows : — 

"  Laftly,  I  anfwer  to  the  whole  report,  I  do  find  all  the 
imputations  upon  myfelf  to  be  wholly  untrue  and  deny  every 

part  thereof." "  But  if  any  objecSlions  or  doubts 

remain,  I  am  flill  ready  to  fubje6l  them  to  the  greateft  fcru- 
tiny  his  Royal  Highnefs  fliall  think  fit,  not  doubting  his 
Royal  Highnefs 's  juftice  and  my  own  vindication."  (N.  Y. 
Col.  Doc.  iv.  313.) 

We  have  learned  nothing  refpe61:ing  Andros's  pofition  in 
England  for  the  next  five  years,  except  that  he  was  in  favor 

at 

^  It  has  been  reprinted  (New  York,  i860)  with  notes  by  Dr.  E.  B.  O'Callaghan. 
S 


XXI 1 

at  Court,  being,  In  1683,  fworn  Gentleman  of  the  Privy 
Chamber  to  the  King,  Charles  II.  He  very  probably  devoted 
his  attention  to  hijs  eftates  in  Guernfey,  as  in  this  year  he  and 
his  wife  received  from  the  Crown  a  grant  of  the  Ifland  of 
Alderney  for  ninety-nine  years,  at  a  rent  of  thirteen  fliillings. 
In  1685,  he  was  made  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  Princefs  of 
Denmark's  Regiment  of  Horfe,  commanded  by  the  Earl  of 
Scarfdale. 

The  acceffion  of  James  II.  however,  February,  1685,  opened 
a  new  profpe6t  of  advancement.  Andros  feems  to  have  been 
a  ftaunch  member  of  the  Church  of  England,  but  his  long 
intimacy  with  the  Duke  of  York  had  doubtlefs  given  that 
Prince  a  favorable  impreffion  of  his  abilities.  The  Charter 
of  Maffachufetts,  after  a  contefl  extending  through  many 
years,  had  been  declared  vacated,  06lober  23rd,  1684.  The 
notorious  Col.  Piercy  Kirke*"  had  been  defignated  as  the  new 
Governor  by  Charles  II.  and  confirmed  by  James,  but  New 

England 

^  Not  much  is  known  of  Col.  Piercy  under   the    Earl   of   Feverfham  during 

Kirke.      His    father    was    Col.    Lewis  Monmouth's    rebellion.      His    condu6l 

Kirke,  who  in   1642-3  commanded  the  after  that  revolt  was  quelled,  has  cov- 

Royal  forces  in  the  defence  of  Readiag  ered  his  name  with  infamy,  and  Macau- 

againft    the    troops    under    Hampden,  ley   has    drawn   his   charafter  in  vivid 

(Lord    Nugent's    Life   of  Hampden,   ii.  colors.     He   was  made   Brigadier-Gen- 

339-343.)      Some   account   of  Kirke   is  era!  in  1685,  was  one  of  thofe  who  joined 

given  in   "  Notes  and  Queries,"  2nd  S.  William    of  Orange,   and   diftinguiflied 

viii.  472.     It  feems  that  Piercy  Kirke,  in  himfelf  at  the  battle  of  the   Boyne  in 

1673,  ferved  under  the  Uuke  of  Mon-  1690.     He  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 

mouth    in   tiie   army   of    the    King   of  Lieutenant-General   in  the    fame   year, 

France.     In  1675,  he  was  Captain-Lieu-  was  fent  to  the  army  in   Flanders,   and 

tenant  in  the  Royal  regiment  of  Horfe-  died  at  Breda,  06tober  31,  1691. 

Guards  ;    and   in    1680,    he   was    made  He    married    Lady    Mary    Howard, 

Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  2nd  Tangier  daughter  of  George,  fourth  Earl  of  Suf- 

regiment.       He   was    foon   after   made  folk.     From  the  identity  of  names  it  is 

Colonel  of  this  regiment,  and  in    1682  probable   that   his   fon  was   the    Percy 

was    transferred    to  the  Queen's  regi-  Kirke   who    in    1735  was   a  Brigadier- 

ment.     In  1684,  he  came  with  his  regi-  General,  commanding  the  King's  Own 

ment  to  England,  and  was   employed  Regiment  of  Foot. 


XXI 11 

England  had  been  fpared  the  afflldion  of  his  prefence. 
Jofeph  Dudley  had  been  commiffioned  as  Prefident  of  the 
Council,  and  ferved  as  chief  magiftrate  from  May  15th,  1686, 
till  December  19th  following. 

Andros  was  commiffioned  Governor  in  chief  in  and  over 
the  dominion  of  New  England,  June  3,  1686,  though  his 
appointment  is  fpoken  of  as  fettled,  in  a  letter  from  Ran- 
dolph, dated  at  Bofton,  July  28th  of  that  year.  (Hutchinfon 
Papers,  ii.  288,  Prince  Society's  edition.) 

It  would  feem  as  if  Andros  had  received  lefs  than  juftice 
from  the  hiflorians  of  Maffachufetts.  Hutchinson  (Hift.  i. 
353)  writes  of  him,  "he  was  lefs  dreaded  than  Kirke,  but  he 
was  known  to  be  of  an  arbitrary  difpofition.  He  kept  a 
correfpondence  with  the  Colony  whilfl  he  was  Governor  of 
New  York.  His  letters  then  difcovered  much  of  the  di6la- 
tor."  So  Palfrey  (iii.  517)  in  his  admirable  Hiflory,  fays 
that  James  "  had  known  Andros  many  years  as  a  perfon  of 
refolution  and  capacity,  of  arbitrary  principles,  and  of  habits 
and  tafles  abfolutely  foreign  to  thofe  of  the  Puritans  of  New- 
England  ;  and  could  fcarcely  have  been  ignorant  of  his 
perfonal  grudge  againft  Maffachufetts,  on  account  of  old 
affronts.  It  was  not  to  be  doubted  that  here  was  a  man 
prepared  to  be  as  oppreffive  and  offenfive  as  the  King  defired." 

It  is  certainly  but  juflice  to  an  officer  who  filled  fo  many 
important  pofitions  to  the  entire  fatisfa6lion  of  employers  fo 
different  as  James  II.  and  William  of  Orange,  to  fcrutinize 
with  deliberation  fuch  charges  againft  his  chara6ler,  and  to 
infift  upon  undoubted  evidence  of  his  perfonal  iniquities. 

One 


XXIV 

One  thing  feems  evident,  the  government  now  Impofed  on 
New  England  was  not  the  a6l  of  Andros,  nor  Is  there  any 
proof  that  he  fought  the  pofitlon  of  Governor.  Randolph 
indeed  had  labored  for  years  to  effe6l  the  downfall  of  the 
Charter  government;  and  as  Palfrey  has  fliown  In  fucceffive 
chapters,  In  aid  of  the  fame  purpofe  were  the  efforts  of  Eng- 
lifh  merchants  whofe  trade  was  injured  by  the  commercial 
enterprife  of  Maffachufetts,  and  the  denunciations  of  Engliili 
politicians,  who  confidered  the  Charter  government  an  in- 
fringement of  the  Royal  prerogative.  We  have  feen  no 
evidence  of  Andros's  complicity  with  thefe  enemies  of  New 
England,  and  no  proof  of  an  unfriendly  difpofition  when  he 
accepted  office. 

It  will  hardly  be  imputed  to  Andros  as  a  fault  that  he  took 
the  view  of  the  Royal  authority  which  prevailed  at  Court. 
As  a  fubordlnate,  appointed  to  a  certain  pofitlon  to  carry 
out  a  certain  policy,  he  had  no  choice  but  to  obey  or  refign. 
In  carrying  out  the  commands  of  his  mafter,  he  can  only  be 
blamed  if  his  conduct  was  cruel  or  even  harfli,  in  excefs  of 
his  inftrudlilons.  It  will  certainly  be  difficult,  we  think,  to 
faften  any  fuch  fligma  upon  Andros.  Leaving  his  political 
offences,  for  which  the  King  was  refponfible,  what  perfonal 
charges  can  be  fubftantlated  agalnft  him  ? 

It  is  evident  that  no  perfon  was  executed  for  a  political 
offence,  and  that  none  of  the  atrocities  of  Jeffreys  or  Lauder- 
dale were  repeated  in  this  country.  It  is  equally  evident 
that  no  one  was  fined  or  imprlfoned  for  non-confonnity  to 
the  Church  of  England,  and  the  contraff  with  the  mother 

country 


XXV 


country  Is  entirely  in  our  favor.  If  the  fees  exa6lcd  were 
exceffive,  a  point  hereafter  to  be  confidered,  was  Andros  a 
gainer  thereby?  From  a  report  made  at  the  time,  and 
printed  in  N.  Y.  Colonial  Documents,  iv.  263,  it  appears 
that  Andros  was  paid  a  fixed  falary  in  1686,  of  ^1200  fler- 
ling;  in  1687,  the  fame,  and  in  1688,  ^1400  fterling,  out  of 
the  revenue.  We  have  yet  to  learn  of  any  claim  made 
againft  Andros  for  fees  illegally  colle6tcd  or  for  public  money 
mis-appropriated.  Palmer  indeed,  in  his  Impartial  Account, 
makes  a  flrong  defenfe  for  Andros  on  this  head.  The  Coun- 
cil were  all  old  refidents;  the  Secretary  and  Colledlior,  who 
received  the  greateft  fees,  were  not  appointed  by  Andros, 
and  indeed  Randolph  quarrelled  with  him.  The  Treafurer 
was  John  Uflier,  who  continued  to  refide  here  after  the 
downfall  of  Andros,  and  the  Chief  Juftice  was  Dudley.  It 
is  hardly  probable  that  Andros  was  refponfible  for  the  ap- 
pointment of  any  of  the  higher  officials,  nor  fliould  he  be 
juflly  charged  with  the  table  of  fees  which  was  fixed  for  their 
benefit  by  a  committee  of  the  Council. 

Reduced  to  plain  flatements,  the  perfonal  charges  againft 
Andros  feem  to  be,  firft,  a  zeal  for  Epifcopacy,  which  led  him 
to  infift  upon  having  a  place  for  Church  fervices  in  one  of 
the  Bofi;on  meeting-houfes  for  a  time ;  and  fecondly,  a  rude 
or  infolent  carriage  towards  his  difaffected  fubjedls. 

As  to  the  firft,  the  fa6ts  are  patent,  and  they  do  not  feem 
to  conftitute  a  very  heinous  offence.  It  was  undeniably  a 
great  annoyance  to  the  members  of  the  Old  South  Church, 
to  have  the  Governor  ufe  the  building  for  Epifcopal  fervices, 

but 


XXVI 


but  as  they  were  held  only  when  "  the  building  was  not 
occupied  by  the  regular  congregation,"  (Palfrey,  iii.  522,) 
we  cannot  greatly  cenfure  Andros  for  his  courfe. 

As  to  his  treatment  of  perfons  accufed  of  mifdemeanors, 
we  find  but  one  inftance  which  was  worthy  of  cenfure.  The 
cafe  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Wifwall  of  Duxbury,  as  narrated  at 
p.  100  of  this  volume,  is  an  evidence  of  inhumanity  on  the 
part  of  fome  one.  If  he  were  compelled  to  journey  and 
appear  before  the  Council  when  difabled  by  gout,  it  was  an 
acft  difgraceful  to  the  authorities;  yet  we  muft  add,  that 
Andros  is  not  accufed  diredly  of  being  the  perfecutor.  The 
other  inflances  fmk  into  infignificance,  and  at  moft  prove 
only  that  Andros  was  a  paffionate  man,  who  did  not  hefitate 
to  exprefs  uncomplimentary  opinions  very  freely.  When 
Andros  "called  the  people  of  the  country  Jacks  and  Toms;" 
and  when,  the  conftables  having  made  an  addrefs  to  Sir 
Edmund  as  to  how  they  fliould  keep  the  peace  if  the  failors 
from  the  Frigate  made  a  fray,  "  he  fell  into  a  great  rage  and 
did  curfe  them  and  faid  they  ought  to  be  fent  to  Gaol  and 
ordered  Mr.  Weft  to  take  their  names," — we  cannot  on  that 
account  rank  him  with  Kirke  or  Claverhoufe. 

So  in  two  cafes  cited  by  his  accufers,  in  pages  107  and 
III  following:  when  certain  impertinent  bufy-bodies  brought 
an  Indian  to  teftify  that  Andros  was  engaged  in  a  confpiracy 
to  bring  on  an  Indian  War, —  a  ftory  whofe  folly  was  only 
equalled  by  the  harm  it  might  caufe  if  believed  by  the 
people, —  Andros  contented  himfclf  with  ridiculing  them, 
though  afterwards  they  were  fined  by  the  courts.     To  prove 

that 


XXVll 


that  he  difcountenanced  making  defence  againfh  the  Indians, 
his  opponents  offer  the  teftimony  of  certain  village  officials, 
whofe  affidavits  prove  only  that  Sir  Edmund  probably  had 
read  Shakefpeare. 

We  fail,  therefore,  to  fee  any  evidence  that  Andros  was 
cruel,  rapacious,  or  diflioneft ;  we  know  of  no  charge  affe6l- 
ing  his  morality,  and  we  find  a  hafty  temper  the  moft  palpable 
fault  to  be  imputed  to  him. 

To  return  to  our  fketch  of  his  public  acls.  He  arrived  at 
Bofton,  a  place  which  he  had  before  vifited  in  Odober,  1680, 
to  wait  upon  Lord  Culpepper,  (N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.  iii.  308,) 
in  the  "  Kingfiflier,"  Sunday,  December  19,  1686,  and  landed 
the  next  day  attended  by  about  fixty  foldiers.  He  was 
received  with  great  acclamation  of  joy,  and  was  efcorted  by 
a  great  number  of  merchants  and  others,  to  the  Town  Houfe. 
He  at  once  proceeded  to  organize  his  government,  which  it 
mufl  be  remembered,  as  conftituted  by  his  commiffion,  was 
compofed  of  the  Governor  and  his  Council.  The  other  offi- 
cers, judges,  colle6lors,  &c.,  were  at  hand,  and  the  objedls  of 
the  new  rulers  were  foon  difclofed.  By  lofmg  their  Charter 
and  its  reprefentative  form  of  government,  the  colonifts  had 
loft  the  privilege  of  taxing  themfelves.  The  Governor 
and  Council  impofed  the  tax;  and  when  the  inhabitants 
of  the  town  of  Ipfwich  attempted  to  refift  the  law,  the 
patriotic  leaders  of  the  movement  were  tried,  fined  and 
imprifoned.  The  judges  were  Dudley,  Stoughton,  Uflier 
and  Randolph.  This  trial  ended  all  attempts  to  difpute 
this  claim  of  the  government,  but  it  was  only  the  natural 

refult 


XXVI 11 


refult  of  the  forfeiture  of  the  Charter,  and  in  no  fenfe  the  acft 
of  the  Governor. 

The  other  claim  of  the  Crown  was  to  the  ownerfliip  of  all 
the  land,  which  involved  two  queftions,  viz.  as  to  lands  already 
owned  by  the  fettlers,  and  wafte  lands.  The  government 
held  that  private  titles  were  invalid,  unlefs  confirmed  by  the 
Crown  on  the  payment  of  a  quit  rent.  Prepoflerous  as  this 
do61:rine  may  feem,  it  had  ftaunch  defenders,  and  Andros  was 
in  earnefl  in  enforcing  it.  Many  complied  with  the  require- 
ments of  the  government,  but  the  work  was  not  completed 
when  the  Revolution  came.  As  to  Andros's  fliare  of  the 
blame.  Palmer  makes  the  beft  defence,  when  he  points  out 
that  Writs  of  Intrufion  were  brought  only  againfl  a  few 
perfons  to  tefl  the  right,  and  thefe  perfons  were  thofe  able 
to  conteft  the  quefiion,  and  not  obfcure  individuals.  The 
moral  queftion  as  to  wafte  lands  is  more  difficult  of  decifion, 
fince  the  argument  is  not  without  force,  that  it  was  better 
for  Andros  to  grant  them  to  perfons  who  would  improve 
them,  than  for  the  towns  to  hold  them,  unimproved,  as 
commons. 

Among  the  earlieft  adis  of  Andros,  was  his  extending  his 
authority  over  New  Hampihire,  Plymouth  and  Rhode  Ifland, 
as  well  as  Maine  and  Maffachufetts.  In  06lober,  1687,  he 
vifited  Hartford,  and  took  the  government  of  Connecticut 
alfo  into  his  hands,  and  he  afterwards  traveled  through  that 
Colony.  The  firft  few  months  of  1688  were  fpent  at  Bofton 
in  confolidating  the  legiflation  neceffary  for  the  future 
guidance  of  the  government. 

He 


XXIX 

He  had  at  this  time  the  misfortune  to  lofc  his  wife,  who 
died  January  22,  1687-8,  and  was  buried  in  the  church-yard 
adjoining  King's  Chapel/ 

In  April,  1688,^  Andros  vifited  Portfmouth  and  Pemaquid, 
where  he  repaired  the  fort,  and  proceeding  to  Penobfcot,  he 
feized  fome  property  of  Caftine,  a  Frenchman  who  had  fettled 
there  among  the  Indians.  Returning  to  Bofton,  "he  found  a 
great  promotion  awaiting  him  in  a  new  commiffion,  creating 
him  Governor  of  all  the  Englifli  poffeffions  on  the  mainland, 
except  Pennfylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland  and  Virginia."^ 
His  command  embraced  New  England,  New  York  and  New 
Jerfey,  with  its  capital  at  Boflon. 

In  July,  Auguft  and  September,  1688,  Andros  made  a  tour 
through  the  Colonies,  going  through  the  Jerfeys,  and  vifiting 
New  York  city,  Albany  and  Hartford.     During  this  vifit  he 

had 

^  In  Trumbull's  Conn.  Records,  iii.  As  to  the  funeral,  the  following  ac- 

437,  is  a  letter  from  John  Weft  to  John  count  is  given  in  Judge  Sewall's  Diary, 

Allen  at  Hartford.     It  is  dated  January  quoted  in  Bridgman's  King's  Chapel 

2 1  ft,  (Saturday,)  and  ftates  that  he  writes  Epitaphs,  p.  318.  "Between  4  and  5  I 

to  let  Allen  "know  the  great  griefe  and  went  to  the  funeral  of  the  Lady  Andros, 

forrow  wee  are  in  for  my  Lady  Andros,  having  been  invited  by  the  Clark  of  the 

who  fmce   Tuefday  laft  was  fevenight  South    Company.      Between   7   and   8 

hath  been  extreamly  ill,  and  foe  contin-  (lychns  illuminating  the  cloudy  air)  the 

ues  almoft  at  the  Court  of  Death,  and  corpfe  was  carried  into  the  herfe  drawn 

is  a  greate  aftliftion  to  his  Excellency  by  fix   horfes,    the   foldiers   making   a 

who  is  moft  paffionately  concerned.     If  guard  from  the  Governor's  houfe  down 

it  ftiould  pleafe  God  to  call  her  to  him-  the  Prifon  Lane  to  the  South  meeting- 

felfe,  wee  fhould  all  have  a  greate  loffe  houfe  ;  there  taken  out  and  carried  in 

of  a  right  good  and  vertuous  Lady."  at  the  weftern  door,  and  fet  in  the  alley 

In  a  poftcript  Weft  adds — "  January  before   the   pulpit,   with  fix   mourning 

26th.     Mr.  Belcher  not  proceeding  on  women  by  it.     Houfe  made  light  with 

his  intended  Journey,  have  opportunity  candles  and  torches.     There  was  a  great 

to  add  that  on   Sunday  laft  the  Lady  noife  and  clamor  to  keep  people  out  of 

Andros  departed  this  life,  to  the  great  the  houfe  that  they  might  not  rulh  in 

griefe  and  forrow  of  his  Excellency  and  too  foon.     I  went  home." 

all  that  knew  her."  e  Palfrey,  iii.  558,  561,  562. 
6 


XXX 

had  held  a  conference  with  the  chiefs  of  the  Five  Nations, 
and  had  notified  the  Governor  of  Canada  that  thefe  tribes 
were  under  the  prote6tion  of  the  Enghfli.  He  muft  there- 
fore have  been  furprifed  and  difgufted  to  find  that  hoftihties 
were  imminent  in  the  Colony  of  Maine.  The  caufe  of  this 
outbreak  was  probably  the  refentment  of  Caftine,  whofe 
property  had  been  taken  by  Andros  in  the  fpring,  and  whofe 
influence  with  the  Penobfcots  was  great. 

At  firft,  the  Governor  tried  the  effe6l  of  conciliation,  but 
finding  this  ufelefs,  he  colledted  fome  feven  hundred  troops,'' 
and  in  November,  1688,  he  proceeded  to  Maine  to  defend 
the  fettlers  there.  He  eftabliflied  and  garrifoned  feveral 
forts,  a  lift  of  which  will  be  found  in  Mafs.  Hift.  Soc.  Coll.  3rd 
S.  i.  85.  At  Pemaquid,  he  received  information  of  the 
probable  defigns  of  the  Prince  of  Orange  upon  England, 
and  January  loth,  1689,  he  iffued  the  Proclamation  which 
will  be  found  on  p.  75  of  the  prefent  volume. 

He  returned  to  Boflon  early  in  March,'  and  the  chief  event 
of  that  month  was  the  accufation  that  he  had  entered  into  a 
confpiracy  with  the  Indians  againft  the  Colony,  a  bafe  and 
foolifli  calumny.  On  the  4th  of  April,  1689,  the  news  of  the 
landing  of  the  Prince  of  Orange  in  England  was  brought  to 
Bofton  from  Nevis  by  John  Winflow,  who  had  a  copy  of  the 
Prince's  Declaration.  Andros  had  been  previoufly  warned 
however,  by  his  friends  in  New  York. 

From  this  time  until  the  i8th  of  April,  there  were  doubt- 
lefs  plots  and  confpiracies  without  end.     On  that  day  the 

people 
^  Palfrey,  iii.  568.  « Ibid,  iii.  570. 


XXXI 

people  of  Boflon  rofe  agalnft  Andros  and  his  government, 
but  no  hint  is  given  us  of  the  real  contrivers  of  the  revolu- 
tion. Palfrey,  iii.  579,  writes,  "  It  would  be  very  interefling 
to  know  when  and  how  the  rifing  in  Bofton  was  proje6led. 
But  confpirators  do  not  fliow  their  hands  while  they  are  at 
their  game ;  and  after  the  fettlement  under  King  William,  it 
became  altogether  unfuitable  for  thofe  who  had  been  privy 
to  die  fadls  to  let  it  be  known  that  the  infurre6lion  at  Boflon 
w^as  a  movement  independent  of  his  enterprife."  The  con- 
temporary accounts  of  the  proceedings  are  numerous  and 
full  of  detail.  Byfield's  Account  was  printed  very  foon  and 
will  be  found  in  this  volume ;  Hutchinson  gives  in  his 
Hiftory,  (i.  Z7A~2>77^)  ^  copy  of  a  letter  fent  to  Gov.  Hinckley ; 
Palfrey  in  the  notes  to  his  Hiftory,  gives  a  number  of 
citations  from  original  papers,  including  the  narrative  of 
John  Riggs,  a  fervant  of  Sir  Edmund's ;  and  laft,  O'Calla- 
GHAN,  (N.  Y.  Col.  Documents,  iii.  722,)  prints  Andros's 
own  verfion.  The  events  themfelves  are  fo  fully  defcribed 
in  the  following  pages,  that  it  is  neceffary  to  fay  only  that 
Andros,  who  was  in  the  fort  on  Fort-hill,  was  obliged  to 
furrender  on  the  firft  day,  April  i8th,  and  was  lodged  under 
guard  at  Mr.  Uflier's  houfe.  On  the  19th  he  was  forced 
to  order  the  furrender  of  the  Caftle  in  the  harbor,  and  the 
Rofe  frigate  was  alfo  given  up  and  partially  difmantled.  A 
provifional  government  was  at  once  formed,  and  Andros 
was  transferred  to  the  cuftody  of  John  Nelfon  at  the  fort. 
We  have  printed  in  the  prefent  colle6lion  a  ftatement  by 
the  Captain  of  the  Caftle,  of  the  good  treatment  afforded 
Andros  and  his  companions.  It  feems  by  Byfield's  ftory, 
that  Sir  Edmund  made  an  unfuccefsful  attempt  to  efcape 

difguifed 


XXXI 1 

difguifed  in  woman's  apparel,  in  April ;  he  was  more  fuccefs- 
ful  on  the  2nd  of  Aiiguft,  when  by  the  treachery  of  one  of 
the  corporals,  he  efcaped  from  the  Caftle  and  reached  Rhode 
Ifland.  Waiting  there  too  long,  probably  for  fome  veffel 
bound  to  New  York  or  to  England,  he  was  captured  by 
Major  Sanford  and  fent  back  to  his  former  prifon. 

The  following  named  perfons  were  imprifoned  with  An- 
dros.  (R.  I.  Records,  iii.  257.)  "Jofeph  Dudley,  Judge 
Palmer,  Mr.  Randolph,  Lt  Col.  Lidgett,  Lt.  Col.  Macgregry, 
Captain  George,  Major  Brockholes,  Mr.  Graham,  Mr.  Weft, 
Captain  Treffry,  Mr.  Juftice  Bullivant,  Mr.  Juflice  Foxcroft, 
Captain  White,  Captain  Ravencroft,  Enfign  Pipin,  Dr.  Rob- 
erts, Mr.  Farewell,  Mr.  Jemefon,  Mr.  Kane,  Mr.  Broadbent, 
Mr.  James  Sherlock,  flieriff,  Mr.  Larkin,  Captain  Manning, 
Lt.  Jordaine,  Mr.  Cutler," — 25  in  all,  to  which  Byfield  adds 
Mr.  Crafford  and  Mr.  Smith,  and  Hutchinson  fays  that  the 
number  feized  and  confined  amounted  to  about  fifty.  Prob- 
ably fome  were  foon  releafed,  or  were  too  obfcure  in  rank  to 
be  recorded. 

It  is  our  intention  now  to  trace  the  perfonal  fortunes  of 
the  depofed  Governor,  rather  than  the  courfe  of  his  fucceffors. 
He  was  kept  prifoner  until  February,  1690,  when,  in  accor- 
dance with  an  order  from  England,  Sir  Edmund  and  his 
companions  were  fent  thither  for  trial.  The  order,  which 
was  caufed  by  letters  which  they  had  managed  to  convey  to 
the  Court,  was  dated  July  30,  1689,  but  it  did  not  reach 
Bofton  till  very  late  in  the  year,  and  the  prifoners  were  fent 

by  the  firft  opportunity.' 

The 

J  See  Hutchinson,  i.  392;  R.  I.  Records,  iii.  256. 


XXXIU 

The  Colony  fent  over  Elifha  Cooke  and  Thomas  Oakes  to 
affifl;  their  agents,  Sir  Henry  Afliurfl  and  Increafe  Mather, 
in  profecuting  their  charges  againft  Sir  Edmund  and  his 
affociates.  We  find  in  the  New  York  Col.  Documents,  iii. 
722,  and  alfo  in  R.  I.  Records,  iii.  281,  an  account  by  Sir 
Edmund  of  his  adminiflration,  which  is  termed  by  Palfrey 
(iii.  587)  "extremely  difmgenuous,"  though  we  cannot  affent 
to  this  term.  In  it  he  fays  that  he  and  his  friends  were  fent 
to  England  "  where,  after  fummons  given  to  the  pretended 
agents  of  New  England,  and  their  twice  appearance  at  the 
Council  Board,  nothing  being  objected  by  them  or  others, 
they  were  difcharged." 

Hutchinson,  indeed,  (I.  394,)  attempts  to  lay  the  blame  of 
this  releafe  of  Andros  and  his  more  guilty  affociates,  upon 
Sir  John  Somers,  the  counfel  employed  by  the  agents.  It 
may  be  nearer  the  truth  to  fay  that  Andros  had  committed 
no  crime  for  which  he  could  be  puniflied,  and  that  he  had  in 
no  way  exceeded  or  abufed  the  powers  conferred  upon  him. 

At  all  events,  Andros  was  favorably  received  at  home,  and 
in  1692  was  appointed  Governor  of  Virginia,  to  which  com- 
mand was  joined  that  of  Maryland.  "  He  brought  over  to 
Virginia  the  Charter  of  William  and  Mary  College,  of 
which  he  laid  the  foundation.  He  encouraged  manufadlures 
and  the  cultivation  of  cotton  In  that  Colony,  regulated  the 
Secretary's  office,  where  he  commanded  all  the  public  papers 
and  records  to  be  forted  and  kept  in  order,  and  when  the 
State  Houfe  was  burned,  had  them  carefully  preferved,  and 
again  forted  and  regiftered.  By  thefe  and  other  commend- 
able 


XXXIV 


able  adls,  he  fucceeded  In  gaining  the  efteem  of  the  people, 
and  in  all  likelihood  would  have  been  flill  more  ufeful  to  the 
Colony  had  his  flay  been  longer,  but  his  adminiftration  clofed 
in  November,  1698."  (0'CALLAGHAN,Woolley's  Journal,  p.  67.) 

Strangely  enough,  the  Governor  who  in  Maffachufetts  was 
chiefly  hated  for  his  love  of  Epifcopacy,  was  overthrown  in 
Virginia  for  quarrelling  with  the  Church  authorities.  The 
Earl  of  Bellomont  writes  ,in  1690,  in  a  letter  printed  in 
N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.  iv.  490,  "  Sir  Edmund  Andros  for  quarrel- 
ing with  Dodlor  Blair  in  Virginia,  brought  the  refentment 
of  the  Bifliop  of  London  and  the  Church  (they  fay)  on  his 
head,  which  is  the  reafon  he  has  lofl  his  government,  and  by 
the  fame  rule  they  would  get  me  recalled  by  making  this  a 
church  quarrel."  Bifliop  Meade  in  his  "  Old  Churches  and 
Families  of  Virginia,"  i.  157-8,  gives  fome  account  of  this 
controverfy.  The  opponent  of  Andros  was  the  Rev.  James 
Blair,  Commiffary  of  the  Bifliop  of  London  and  Prefident 
of  the  College,  who  feems  to  have  paffed  nearly  all  his  life 
in  difputes  with  fucceffive  Governors ;  and  it  is  no  proof  that 
Andros  was  in  the  wrong  that  he  was  recalled  and  fuperfeded. 
The  record  of  the  trial  of  Dr.  Blair  is  preferved  at  Lambeth, 
the  refult  being  that  he  returned  triumphant  with  a  good 
fum  of  money  for  his  College. 

Sir  Edmund  foon  reappears,  however,  as  the  recipient  of 
Court  favor,  being  in  1 704  appointed  Governor  of  Guernfey, 
an  office  which  he  held  for  two  years,  retaining  alfo  the  pofl 
of  Bailiff  of  the  Ifland,  which  he  had  for  life.  This  is  nearly 
the  laft  we  learn  of  him,  and  his  age,  nearly  feventy  years, 

mufl 


XXXV 

mufl  have  debarred  him  from  farther  fervice.  We  find  his 
name  indeed  among  the  new  members  in  the  "  Proceedings 
of  the  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gofpel  in  Foreign 
Parts,  20  Feb.  171 2-3  to  19  Feb.  1713-4; '"^  and  this  was 
in  the  laft  year  of  his  Hfe,  as  he  was  buried  at  St.  Anne's, 
Soho,  Weftminfter,  London,  27th  Feb.  171 3-4,  in  his  76th 
year. 

There  remain  to  be  noticed  only  a  few  items  in  refpe61  to 
Sir  Edmund's  marriages,  all  occurring  after  his  return  from 
Virginia. 

We  do  not  know  how  foon  after  the  death  of  his  firft  wife 
in  1688  he  married  again;  but  the  examination  made  for  us 
by  Jofeph  L.  Chefter,  Efq.,  of  London,  fliows  that  Sir  Ed- 
mund's fecond  wife  was  Elizabeth,  third  daughter  and  co- 
heirefs  of  Thomas  Crifpe  of  Quekes,  co.  Kent.  Her  father, 
who  died  in  1680,  was  the  oldefl;  fon  of  Thomas  Crifpe,  Efq. 
of  Gondhurfl,  co.  Kent,  nephew  and  heir-male  of  Henry 
Crifpe  of  Quekes.  She  was  a  widow,  having  married  firft 
Chriftopher  Clapham,  (fon  of  Sir  Chriftopher  Clapham,  Knt. 
of  Clapham,  co.  York,)  who  died  15th  November,  1677,  and 
was  buried  in  Birchington  Church,  Ifle  of  Thanet,  co.  Kent : 
by  him  fhe  had  but  one  child,  Chriftopher  Clapham,  who  is 
mentioned  in  Andros's  Will.  It  may  be  added,  that  Sir 
William  Craven,  brother  of  the  firft  Lady  Andros,  married 
Mary  Clapham,  afifter-in-law  of  this  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Clapham. 
The  conne(51ion  between  the  families  rendered  this  fecond 
marriage  of  Andros  the  more  natural. 

The 

''  Communicated  by  W.  S.  Appleton,  Efq. 


XXXVl 


The  fecond  Lady  Andros  was  buried  at  St.  Giles'-In-the- 
Fields,  CO.  Middlefex,  Auguft  i8th,  1703. 

Sir  Edmund  married  thirdly,  April  21ft,  1707,  Elizabeth 
Fitzherbert,  of  whofe  family  nothing  has  been  found.  She 
furvived  him  and  was  buried  at  St.  Anne's,  Soho,  February 
12th,  1 7 16-17.  He  left  no  iffue  by  any  of  his  wives,  though 
reprefentatives  of  the  family,  in  the  line  of  his  nephew,  ftill 
refide  at  Guernfey. 

In  reviewing  the  long  public  career  of  Sir  Edmund  An- 
dros, we  are  ftruck  not  lefs  by  the  amount  of  work  which  he 
performed  than  by  the  cenfures  which  his  fervices  incurred. 
He  was  the  Governor  at  times  of  every  Royal  Province  on 
the  main-land,  and  exercifed  a  larger  influence  than  any 
other  of  the  rulers  fent  hither  by  Great  Britain.  He  was 
repeatedly  accufed  of  diflionefhy  and  oppreffion,  yet  he  paffed 
harmlefs  through  repeated  examinations  only  to  receive  frefh 
promotion.  He  was  apparently  the  chofen  follower  of  James, 
and  yet  there  is  no  reafon  to  fufpe6l  him  of  any  difloyalty  to 
his  country  at  the  anxious  period  when  that  monarch  was 
flriving  to  retain  his  throne.  He  was  intruded  by  William 
with  the  government  of  Virginia,  and  was  honored  by  Queen 
Anne ;  thus  holding  office  under  four  fucceffive  monarchs. 
Surely  there  mufl  have  been  fome  noble  traits  of  chara6ler 
in  a  man  thus  perpetually  involved  in  contefts  and  thus 
invariably  fuccefsful. 

It  is  certainly  to  be  regretted  that  we  have  been  led  to 
form  our  opinion  of  Andros  from  the  reports  of  men  who 
were  deeply  interefled  in  maligning  him.     That  his  govern- 
ment 


XXXVll 

ment  was  diflafleful  to  the  citizens  of  Maffachufetts  is  unde- 
niable, but  no  man  fent  here  to  perform  the  fame  duty  would 
have  been  acceptable.  In  reality  the  grievance  of  the  colo- 
nifts  lay  in  the  deflru6lion  of  their  Charter,  and  filled  with 
hatred  to  thofe  who  had  thus  deprived  them  of  this  accuf- 
tomed  liberty,  they  were  at  enmity  with  every  form  of 
government  that  might  be  impofed  in  its  place.  The  leaders 
indeed  found  that  a  refloration  of  the  Charter  was  impoffible, 
but  Increafe  Mather's  letters  teftify  how  relu61:antly  the 
people  acquiefced,  and  how  fliarply  he  was  blamed  for  not 
effe6ling  impoffibilities. 

As  to  the  government  of  Andros,  we  fail  to  fee  in  it  any 
fpecial  hardlhips  or  perfecution.  He  himfelf  declares  that 
he  levied  for  the  expenfes  of  the  State  only  the  ufual  annual 
tax  of  a  penny  in  the  pound,  which  had  been  the  rate  for 
the  previous  fifty  years.  If  other  officers,  not  appointed  by 
him,  nor  under  his  control,  charged  unmerciful  fees,  that 
was  a  matter  to  be  urged  againfl  them.  It  is  a  fignificant 
fa(5t,  however,  that  moft  of  thefe  officers  remained  in  America 
and  were  unmolefted.  If  under  inftrucSlions  from  the  Crown, 
and  fortified  by  the  opinions  of  Englifh  judges,  he  attempted 
to  colledl  rent  for  lands  which  the  fettlers  claimed  were  their 
own,  unlefs  he  ufed  fraud  or  violence,  he  fhould  no  more  be 
blamed  than  the  lawyers  employed  in  the  cafes. 

We  fee  then  no  reafon  to  doubt  that  Sir  Edmund  Andros 

was  an  upright  and  honorable  man,  faithful  to  his  employers, 

confcientious  in  his  religious  belief,  an  able  foldier,  poffeffed 

of  great  adminiftrative  abilities,  a  man  worthy  to  be  ranked 

among  the  leaders  of  his  time.     He  may  have  been  hafly  of 

fpeech, 
7 


XXXVlll 


fpeech,  yet  his  words  were  followed  by  no  a(5ls  of  revenge ; 
he  may  have  been  proud  of  his  anceftry  and  his  pofition  at 
Court,  yet  we  find  no  evidence  that  his  pride  exceeded  the 
bounds  of  decorum.  He  was  fmgularly  fortunate  in  acquir- 
ino;  the  affe6lion  of  the  Indians  at  a  time  when  their  orood- 
will  was  of  immenfe  importance ;  and  his  overthrow  was  the 
precurfor  of  one  of  the  moft  difaftrous  Indian  wars  that  New 
England  ever  experienced. 

It  fliould  be  remembered,  finally,  that  he  labored  under  the 
difadvantage  of  being  here  at  the  time  of  a  tranfition  in 
affairs.  He  was  faft  building  up  a  party  here  of  thofe  who 
wifhed  to  affimilate  Maffachufetts  to  other  portions  of  the 
Britifli  empire.  There  were  many,  and  thofe  not  the  pooreft 
or  leaft  educated,  who  were  forry  when  the  rea6lion  fucceeded 
for  a  time  and  the  old  rule  was  re-eftablifhed.  And  yet  the 
triumph  was  but  nominal,  for  the  old  Charter  and  the  old 
fyftem  were  never  reftored.  The  Colony  was  deftined  to 
enter  upon  a  new  career  which  was  to  reach  to  the  Revolu- 
tion, and  undoubtedly  a  potent  influence  at  the  outfet  was 
the  breaking  up  of  old  affociations  effecfted  by  Andros.  The 
only  injuftice  we  need  to  repair,  is  the  miftaken  idea  that  he 
was  the  ruling  caufe  of  the  change — it  was  fomething  far 
more  powerful.  Unless,  therefore,  we  are  difpofed  to  quarrel 
with  the  progrefs  of  events,  and  to  wifli  to  refiore  our  State 
to  the  primitive  rule  of  the  Puritan  church,  we  fliiould  ceafe 
to  make  a  bugbear  of  the  infirument  of  its  overthrow.  We 
may  clafs  Andros  rather  among  thofe  ftatefmen,  unwelcome 
but  neceffary,  whofe  very  virtues  and  abilities  are  detefted  in 
their  life-time,  becaufe  they  do  fo  thoroughly  their  appointed 
work  and  initiate  new  periods  in  national  hiftory. 


WILL  OF   SIR   EDMUND   ANDROS. 


[Extrafled  from  the   Principal  Regiftry  of   Her   Majefty's    Court    of  Probate, 
in  the  Prerogative  Court  of  Canterbury.] 


^%x  tlie  Jl.inir  of  i^otj,  ^mtxx. 

Sr  EDMUND  ANDROS  of  Guernfey  and 
now  refiding  in  the  parifli  of  St  Anne  in  the 
Liberty  of  Weflminfter  in  the  County  of  Mid- 
dlefex  Knight  being  in'  health  of  body  and  of 
good  and  perfe6l  memory  praifed  be  God  do  make  and 
ordain  this  my  laft  Will  and  Teftament  in  manner  and  form 
following  that  is  to  fay  Firft  and  principally  I  commend  my 
foul  into  the  hands  of  Almighty  God  my  Creator  trufting 
and  affuredly  hoping  through  the  merits  and  mediation  of 
my  bleffed  Lord  and  Saviour  Jefus  Chrift  to  inherit  eternal 
life  my  body  to  be  decently  buried  but  without  oftentation 
and  as  to  the  worldly  eilate  it  hath  pleafed  God  to  blefs  me 

with 


xl 

with  I  dlfpofe  thereof  as  followeth  viz  Imprs:  I  order  and 
diredl  that  all  the  juft  debts  which  I  may  happen  to  owe  at 
my  deceafe  be  forthwith  paid  Item  I  give  the  fum  of  one 
hundred  pounds  for  the  placing  of  ten  poor  children  to  be 
apprentices  to  fome  trades  or  otherwife  preferred  according 
to  the  difcretion  of  my  Executor  that  is  to  fay  ten  pounds 
for  each  child  Item  Whereas  I  am  entitled  to  two  feveral 
annuities  of  fifty  pounds  p.  annum  each  payable  out  of  the 
Exchequer  by  virtue  of  an  Ad!  of  Parliament  whereof  the 
order  for  payment  for  one  is  number  one  thoufand  and  ninety 
four  and  therefore  payment  of  the  other  is  number  four 
thoufand  three  hundred  feventy  feven  now  for  a  further  and 
better  provifion  for  Dame  Elizabeth  my  wife  I  do  give  unto 
her  the  faid  two  feveral  annuities  of  fifty  pounds  p:  ann :  a 
piece  together  with  the  feveral  Tallys  and  Orders  relating 
thereunto  for  and  during  the  term  of  her  natural  life  only 
and  I  alfo  give  unto  my  faid  wife  the  fum  of  one  hundred 
pounds  to  be  paid  to  her  immediately  after  my  death  which 
faid  feveral  annuities  for  life  and  one  hundred  pounds  I  do 
hereby  dire6t  appoint  and  declare  are  for  and  in  lieu  of  a 
jointure  and  in  full  recompence  of  her  dower  and  are  hereby 
given  to  my  faid  wife  upon  condition  that  flie  fliall  not  claim 
any  intereft  right  or  title  in  or  to  any  lands  tenements  or 
hereditaments  of  which  I  am  or  fliall  be  feized  at  the  time 
of  my  deceafe  and  if  my  faid  wife  fliall  after  my  death  claim 
any  eftate  right  title  or  intereffc  in  or  to  any  of  my  lands 
tenements  or  hereditaments  Then  the  bequeft  herein  made 
unto  her  of  the  faid  feveral  annuities  and  of  the  faid  one 
hundred  pounds  as  aforefaid  fliall  be  void  and  of  none  effe6l 
and  then  and  in  fuch  cafe  I  give  the  faid  feveral  annuities 

and 


xli 

and  the  faid  one  hundred  pounds  unto  my  Executor  herein- 
after named  And  from  and  after  the  deceafe  of  my  faid  wife 
I  alfo  give  the  faid  two  feveral  annuities  of  fifty  pounds  each 
unto  my  Executor  hereinafter  named  together  with  the  Tallys 
&  orders  relating  thereunto  Item  I  give  the  fum  of  two 
hundred  pounds  which  is  due  to  me  by  bond  from  Thomas 
Cooper  near  Maidftone  in  Kent  taken  in  the  name  of  my 
late  fifter  in  law  M"  Hannah  Crifpe  and  all  the  intereft  that 
fliall  be  due  thereupon  unto  Chriftopher  Clapham  Efq  (fon 
of  my  late  dear  deceafed  wife)  if  I  do  not  in  fome  other  give 
or  fecure  to  the  faid  Chriftopher  Clapham  the  s^  debt  of  two 
hundred  pounds  and  intereft  Item  I  give  to  Edwin  Wiat 
Efq  Serjeant  at  Law  (if  he  fliall  furvive  me)  and  in  cafe  of 
his  death  before  me  to  his  Executors  Adminiftrators  or 
affigns  the  fum  of  three  hundred  pounds  which  is  due  and 
owing  to  me  by  mortgage  made  from  M"  Mary  Hurt  unto 
my  faid  late  wife  by  the  name  of  Elizabeth  Clapham  Widow 
and  all  intereft  that  fliall  be  due  thereupon  and  all  my  right 
and  intereft  in  and  to  the  fame  upon  this  condition  that  the 
faid  Serj'  Wiat  his  executors  adminiftrators  or  affigns  fliall 
within  fix  months  next  after  my  deceafe  pay  unto  the  faid 
Chriftopher  Clapham  Efq  the  fum  of  two  hundred  pounds 
which  fum  I  do  give  to  the  faid  Mf  Clapham  out  of  the  faid 
debt  Item  I  give  to  my  niece  Elizabeth  daughter  of  my 
late  brother  John  Andros  deceafed  the  fum  of  two  hundred 
pounds  Item  I  give  to  my  niece  Ann  daughter  of  my  faid 
late  brother  John  Andros  the  fum  of  one  hundred  pounds 
Item  I  give  to  my  nephew  Csefar  fon  of  my  s?  late  brother 
John  Andros  the  fum  of  one  hundred  pounds  Item  I  give 
to  my  nephew  Edmund  fon  of  my  faid  late  brother  John  An- 

>\'^.'VV^  dros 


xlii 

dros  the  yearl}^  fum  of  twenty  pounds  for  his  maintenance 
which  s?  yearly  fum  of  twenty  pounds  my  will  is  fliall  be  paid 
by  my  Executor  hereinafter  named  free  from  all  taxes  charges 
and  payments  whatfoever  unto  my  faid  nephew  Edmund  or 
to  fuch  perfon  or  perfons  as  fliall  from  time  to  time  have  the 
care  and  keeping  of  him  by  equal  half  yearly  payments  for 
and  during  the  term  of  his  natural  life  that  is  to  fay  at  the 
feafh  of  the  Annunciation  of  the  Bleffed  Virgin  Mary  and 
the  Feaft  of  St.  Michael  the  Archangel  the  firft  payment  to 
begin  and  to  be  made  at  fuch  of  the  faid  feafts  as  fhall  firft 
happen  after  my  death  Item  I  give  unto  my  nephew  Wil- 
liam fon  of  my  faid  late  brother  John  Andros  the  fum  of  one 
hundred  pounds  Item  I  give  to  my  nephew  George  Son 
of  my  late  brother  George  Andros  deceafed  all  my  eftate 
and  intereft  in  the  Ifland  of  Alderney  which  I  fliall  be  feized 
or  poffeffed  of  at  the  time  of  my  death  either  in  fee  fimple 
or  for  any  term  of  years  or  otherwife  howfoever  in  the  faid 
Ifland  of  Alderney  together  with  all  powers  privileges  and 
francifes  to  me  belonging  and  all  my  right  title  and  intereft 
thereto  and  I  alfo  give  unto  my  faid  nephew  George  Andros 
the  fum  of  five  hundred  pounds  Item  whereas  there  is 
payable  to  me  or  my  affigns  out  of  the  Exchequer  and 
chargeable  on  the  Revenue  of  Excife  by  Act  of  Parliament 
two  feveral  annuities  of  fifty  pounds  each  whereof  the  order 
for  one  is  number  four  hundred  fixty  three  &  the  order  for 
the  other  is  number  four  hundred  fixty  four  I  do  hereby 
give  unto  my  faid  nephew  George  Andros  the  faid  two 
feveral  annuitys  or  yearly  fums  of  fifty  pounds  &  all  my  term 
benefit  &  advantages  in  &  to  the  fame  together  with  the 
Tallys  and  orders  relating  thereunto  to  be  delivered  to  him 

immediately 


xliii 

immediately  after  my  deceafe  Item  I  give  to  my  niece 
Anne  Lemefurier  daughter  of  my  faid  late  Brother  George 
Andros  the  fum  of  one  hundred  pounds  Item  Whereas 
Caesar  Knapton  Gent  is'  indebted  to  me  in  feveral  fums  of 
money  by  bond  mortgage  or  otherwife  the  mortgage  being 
made  to  Ralph  Marfliall  Efq  &  by  him  affigned  to  me  in 
lieu  of  moneys  had  of  mine  I  do  hereby  give  unto  the  s5 
Ca^far  Knapton  all  fuch  moneys  as  remains  due  to  me  from 
him  &  do  alfo  releafe  unto  him  and  his  heirs  all  fecurities 
which  I  have  for  the  fame  Item  I  give  to  William  Le  Mer- 
chant Son  of  my  late  niece  Elizabeth  Le  Merchant  dec'ed 
the  fum  of  one  hundred  pounds  and  to  his  fitter  Elizabeth 
the  now  wife  of  Ml'  Elizea  Le  Merchant  the  like  fum  of  one 
hundred  pounds  Item  I  releafe  and  difcharge  my  coufin 
Magdalen  Andros  Widow  the  Reli6l  of  my  Coufin  Amos 
Andros  deceafed  and  his  heirs  off  and  from  all  and  every  the 
fum  and  fums  of  money  which  is  due  and  owing  to  me  from 
the  faid  Amos  Andros  by  Bond  or  otherwife  Item  I  releafe 
&  difcharge  my  coufin  Mary  Andros  (daughter  of  the  faid 
Amos  Andros  deceafed)  off  and  from  all  fum  and  fums  of 
money  charges  and  other  expences  whatfoever  which  I  have 
difburfed  or  have  been  at  for  her  late  maintenance  or  might 
have  or  clayme  any  wife  for  the  fame  and  alfo  I  give  unto 
her  the  faid  Mary  Andros  the  fume  of  one  hundred  pounds 
and  my  mind  and  will  is  and  I  doe  hereby  dire(5l  that  the 
feveral  and  refpedlive  legacies  hereinbefore  given  fliall  be  by 
my  Executor  hereinafter  named  paid  or  affigned  to  the  faid 
feveral  legatees  entitled  thereto  within  one  year  next  after 
my  deceafe  neverthelefs  my  will  is  and  I  do  hereby  declare 
that  the  faid  feveral  legacies  hereinbefore  given  are  given  to 

the 


xllv 

the  faid  feveral  legatees  refpedively  upon  condition  that  they 
do  not  claim  any  other  part  of  my  eftate  than  what  is  hereby 
given  to  them  refpedlively  and  that  if  any  or  either  of  them 
or  any  other  perfon  or  perfons  on  their  or  any  of  their  behalfs 
or  claiming  by  or  under  them  either  or  any  of  them  fliall  or  do 
clayme  any  part  of  my  eftate  either  real  or  perfonal  other 
than  what  is  by  this  my  Will  given  to  them  refpeclively  or 
fliall  in  any  wife  moleft  hinder  or  difturb  my  nephews  John 
Andros  or  his  heirs  or  any  claiming  under  him  or  them  in 
the  quiet  poffeffion  or  enjoyment  thereof  or  fliall  upon  his 
or  their  requeft  refufe  to  releafe  all  his  her  or  their  claim 
interefl  or  pretenfions  in  or  to  all  or  any  part  or  parcel  of  my 
eftate  other  than  what  is  hereinbefore  refpedively  given  to 
them  That  then  and  from  thenceforth  the  legacy  or  legacys 
fo  given  to  him  her  or  them  refpe6lively  as  aforefaid  fo 
claiming  or  refufmg  as  aforefaid  fliall  refpedlively  ceafe  deter- 
mine and  be  utterly  void  and  in  fuch  cafe  I  give  the  faid 
legacy  or  legacys  fo  as  to  be  made  void  as  aforefaid  unto  my 
faid  nephew  John  (eldeft  fon  of  my  faid  brother  John  Andros 
dec'ed)  and  his  heirs  Item  I  give  to  M'.*  Margaret  Baxter 
Widow  the  yearly  fum  of  ten  pounds  to  be  paid  to  her  tax 
free  out  of  the  interefl:  rents  iffues  and  profits  of  the  mort- 
gage money  hereinafter  mentioned  to  be  due  to  me  from  the 
eftate  of  my  late  coufin  Margaret  Lowdon  deceafed  by  equal 
quarterly  payments  for  and  during  the  natural  life  of  the  faid 
M?  Baxter  the  firfl;  payment  whereof  to  begin  and  to  be  made 
at  the  end  of  three  calendar  months  next  after  my  deceafe 
Item  I  difcharee  the  heirs  executors  and  adminiftrators  of 
the  faid  M?  Margaret  Lowdon  of  and  from  all  interefl:  money 
that  fliall  remain  due  to  me  at  the  time  of  my  deceafe  over 

and 


xlv 

and  above  what  fums  of  money  flie  did  in  her  lifetime  pay 
and  which  they  or  any  of  them  fliall  have  paid  to  me  or  by 
my  order  for  the  fum  of  four  hundred  pounds  which  is  due 
to  me  on  the  mortgage  of  her  eftate  in  Harron  Alley  without 
Aldgate  London  Item  all  other  my  eftate  whatfoever  both 
real  and  perfonal  in  Great  Britain  Guernfey  or  elfewhere  not 
herein  difpofed  of  after  all  my  debts  legacies  and  funeral 
expences  fliall  be  paid  and  fatisfied  I  give  devife  and  be- 
queath unto  my  faid  nephew  John  (eldeft  fon  of  my  faid  late 
brother  John  Andros  deceafed)  and  to  his  heirs  But  my 
will  is  that  my  faid  nephew  John  or  his  heirs  fhall  within 
two  years  after  my  deceafe  (if  not  built  before)  build  a  good 
fuitable  houfe  on  or  at  the  Manor  of  Sa^mares  in  Guernfey 
aforefaid  and  if  the  faid  John  or  his  heires  fliall  not  in  that 
time  build  fuch  houfe  (if  not  built  before)  Then  my  Will  is 
and  I  do  hereby  diredl  and  appoint  my  faid  nephew  John  or 
his  heires  to  pay  the  fum  of  five  hundred  pounds  unto  my 
faid  nephew  George  Andros  within  one  year  after  his  or 
their  negle6l  to  build  fuch  houfe  as  aforefaid  and  I  do  hereby 
make  ordain  conflitute  and  appoint  my  faid  nephew  John 
Andros  (in  cafe  he  furvives  me)  Sole  Executor  of  this  my 
laft  Will  and  Teftament  But  if  my  faid  nephew  John  An- 
dros fliall  be  then  dead  then  and  in  fuch  cafe  I  make  his 
heirs  male  Sole  Executor  of  this  my  lafl  Will  and  Teftament 
And  I  do  hereby  revoke  annul  and  make  void  all  former 
wills  by  me  made  declaring  this  to  be  my  laft  Will  and 
Teftament  In  witnefs  whereof  to  this  my  laft  Will  and 
Teftament  contained  in  five  ftieets  of  paper  I  have  to  each 
of  the  faid  ftieets  fett  my  hand  and  feal  the  nineteenth  day 
of  July  Anno  Dom:   171 2  and  in  the  eleventh  year  of  the 

reign 


xlvi 


reign  of  our  Sovereign  Lady  Anne  by  the  Grace  of  God  of 

Great  Britain  France  and  Ireland  Queen  Defender  of  the 

Faith 

E.  ANDROS. 

Signed  fealed  declared  and  publifhed  by  the  faid  Sir  Ed- 
mund Andros  to  be  his  laft  Will  and  Teftament  in 
the  prefence  of  the  Witneffes  hereunder  written  which 
faid  Witneffes  fubfcribed  their  names  in  the  prefence 
of  the  faid  Sir  Edmund  Andros — James  Spenceley — 
Rob:  Hodfon     Jn?  Hodfon— 

Probatum  fait  hujus  modi  Teflamentum  apud  London 
coram  Venerabili  Viro  Johanne  Andrew  Legum  Doflore 
Surrogate  Prcehonorandi  viri  Domini  Caroli  Hodges  Militis 
Leeum  Etiam  Do61oris  Curiae  PreroQ^ativse  Cantuarienfis 
Magiflri  Cuftodis  Sive  Commiffarii  legitime  conftituti  Odtavo 
die  menfis  Martii  Anno  D'ni  Millefimo  Septingentefimo 
decimo  tertio  juramento  Johannis  Andros  Armigeri  Execu- 
toris  in  di(5i;o  Teftamento  nominati  Cui  Commiffa  fuit  admin- 
iflratio  omnium  et  fmgulorum  bonorum  jurium  et  creditorum 
di(5li  defundli  de  bene  et  fideliter  adminiftrando  eadem  ad 
San6la  Dei  Evangelii  Jurat. 


From  Sir  Edmund's  official  Seal  ufed  in  New  EnglaacL 


NOTES    ON   THE    PRECEDING   MEMOIR. 


INCE  the  foregoing  pages  were  in  type,  we  have 
been  favored  with  fome  additional  information 
concerning  the  Governor,  through  the  kindnefs 
of  A.  C.  Andros,  Efq.,  one  of  the  prefent  rep- 


refentatives  of  the  family. 


A. 


He  refers,  firft,  to  the  printed  account  of  Sir  Edmund 
Andros,  to  be  found  in  the  following  book : — "  Sarnia,  or 
Brief  Memorials  of  many  of  her  fons,"  by  Ferdinand  Brock 
Tupper,  Efq.  of  Guernfey,  publiflied  in  that  ifland  in  1862. 
In  it  the  fa(5l  is  mentioned  that  the  manor  or  fief  of  Saufma- 
rez  {anglice  Saltmarfh)  in  St.  Martin's  parifli,  was  fold  in  1748 
by  the  Andros  family  to  a  branch  of  the  Saufmarez  family 
which  ftill  owns  it. 


B. 

Amice  Andros,  father  of  Sir  Edmund,  was  "  keeper  of  the 
caftle  of  Jerbourg,  and  hereditary  Cup-bearer  to  the  King  in 
Guernfey,  as  alfo  one  of  the  gallant  defenders  of  Caftle 
Cornet,  during  its  memorable  nine  years'  fiege.  Two  of 
his  brothers,  military  officers,  were  flain ;  one  in  the  fervice 

of 


xlviii 

of  the  King  of  Bohemia,  who  was  fon-in-law  of  James  I.  of 
England;  and  the  other  in  1644,  during  the  Civil  War." 

C. 

We  have  mentioned  (p.  xxii)  that  Sir  Edmund  received  in 
1683  a  grant  of  the  Ifland  of  Alderney  for  ninety-nine  years. 
Mr.  Tupper  ftates  that  Lieut.  General  John  Le  Mefurier, 
who  died  21ft  May,  1843,  was  the  laft  hereditary  governor  of 
Alderney.  He  was  defcended  from  Anne  Andros,  fifler  and 
co-heir  of  George  Andros,  the  nephew  and  heir  of  Sir  Ed- 
mund. Gen.  Le  Mefurier  refigned  the  patent  in  1825,  on 
condition  of  receiving  a  penfion  of  £700  a  year  until  its 
expiration  in  1862. 

D. 

In  an  old  pedigree,  written  about  A.  D.  1687  by  Charles 
Andros,  uncle  of  the  Governor,  and  ftill  preferved  in  the 
family,  are  a  few  additional  items  relating  to  Sir  Edmund. 
Before  1660  he  ferved  three  years  in  a  troop  of  horfe  com- 
manded by  his  uncle,  Sir  Robert  Stone,  in  Holland,  and  had 
a  commiffion  as  Enfign  to  go  to  the  ifland  of  Funeme  in 

Denmark After  the  death  of  the  Queen  of  Bohemia 

he  was  made  enfign  of  the  company  of  Sir  John  Talbot, 
Captain  of  the  King's  guards.  He  was  married  "  in  Eng- 
land "  to  Mary  Craven  in  February,  1671.  March  30th,  1672, 
(by  which  we  underftand  the  fame  year  as  that  of  his  mar- 
riage,) he  was  made  Major  of  Prince  Rupert's  Dragoons. 
"  The  14th  day  of  January,  1673,"  {?  1673-4,)  he  received  "  by 
patent  in  reverfion  the  charge  of  the  Bailly  of  the  ifland 
of  Guernfey."     "  The  13th  April,  1683,  the  King,  Charles  II. 

gave 


xlix 

gave  the  charge  of  Gentleman  in  ordinary  of  his  privy  cham- 
ber "  to  Sir  Edmund,  and  "  the  6th  day  of  the  month  of  June, 

1685,  the  King,  James  II.  gave  a  commiffion  to  the  above 
Sir  Edmund  Andros  to  command  a  troop  of  cavalry  to  go 
againft  the  rebels  in  England."  This  refers  of  courfe  to 
Monmouth's  Rebellion.  In  Augufl,  1685,  he  was  made 
Lieut.  Colonel  of  Lord  Scarfdale's  cavalry.  {^Ante,  p.  xxii.) 
"  The  19th  061ober,  1686,  the  above  Sir  Edmund  left  Eng- 
land to  go  to  New-England;"  he  arrived   19th  December, 

1686.  (^;2/^,  p.  xxvii.) 

E. 

We  are  indebted  to  Mr.  Andros  for  a  photograph  of  an 
original  portrait  of  Sir  Edmund,  from  which  the  engraving 
prefixed  to  this  memoir  has  been  made.  As  no  other  like- 
nefs  of  the  Governor  has  been  publifhed,  our  readers  will 
fully  appreciate  the  kindnefs  of  this  contribution,  and  will 
cordially  join  in  expreffmg  thanks  for  it. 


CORRECTIONS 

RECEIVED    AFTER    THE    MEMOIR    WAS    PRINTED. 


P.  V.  The  Memoir  in  Duncan's  Hiftory  was  written  by  the  late  Mr.  Thomas 
Andros  of  Guernfey,  who  died  in  1S53. 

P.  vii.  Colette,  firft  wife  of  Charles  Andros,  was  daughter  of  Jofias  Le  Mar- 
chant.  George  Andros  who  m.  Anne  Blondel,  died  10  Nov.  1685  ;  lb  fay  the 
family  records. 

P.  ix.  The  pardon  was  dated  i8th  Aui;ull:.     The  baronet  was  Sir  Henry  De  Vic. 

P.  xi.  Edmund  Andros  returned  from  Barbados  to  England  in  Auguft,  1668,  as 
appears  by  a  letter  of  the  13th  of  that  month  from  Mr.  Thomas  Samborne  to  Mr. 
Amias  Andros  announcing  his  son's  arrival  in  London. 

P.  XXXV.  Sir  Edmund's  fecond  marriage  was  in  1691,  fays  Mr.  Chefler.  The 
Crifpes  were  of  Go/^dhuril,  Kent. 

P.  xlvii.  The  two  brothers  of  Amice  Andros  were  Joliuia,  killed  in  Ciermany, 
and  John,  "  Mafter  of  Artillery  to  Prince  Maurice,''  killed  in  England. 


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